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Professional Italian & Latin Translations Latin English Glossary by Lynn Nelson A: a ab abs : (prep + abl) numbers - counting from a ab abs : (prep + abl) separation - out of (one out of many). a ab abs : (prep + abl) time - from, since, after. a ab abs : (prep + abl) in connection with, with regard to. a ab abs : (prep + abl) with passive verbs - by, because. a ab abs : (prep + abl) space- from, away from. abalienato : transfer of property, alienation abavus : great-great-grandfather abbas abbatis : father /abbot. abbatia : abbey, monastery. abdico : to renounce, reject / abdicate / disapprove of abdo : put away, remove / hide, conceal. abdomen : belly / gluttony. abduco : to lead, or take away/ detach, withdraw. abeo : to go away, retire /depart from life, die. abeo : to digress / change / vanish, disappear. abeo : to pass, to have been aberro : to wander, deviate, escape. abhinc : ago, back from now. abicio : to thrown down, dispense with, get rid of /dishearten, weaken. abiego : to send away, send off. abigo : to drive off, drive away, rustle cattle, steal. abiungo : to unharnass/ separate, detach. abiuro : to deny by oath. abluo : to wash clean. abnego : to deny, refuse. abnepos : great-great-grandson. abnocto : to spend the night out, to stay away all night. aboleo : to destroy, abolish, annul, do away with, obliterate. abolesco : to die, perish, vanish. aborior : to set (as in "the sun sets"). abortio : miscarriage. abortivus : one prematurely born. abrogo: to repeal, annul, remove, take away. abrumpo: to break off, sever, remove, dissociate, separate. abruptio: separation, divorce. abscido : to cut off, to separate, take away. absconditus : hidden, concealed. abscondo : to hide, conceal, secrete. absens, absentis : (adj.) absent, missing, away, gone. absisto : to go away, desist. absit : "god forbid, "let it be far from the hearts of the faithful" absorbeo : to swallow, gulp down, carry away, engross. absque : (+ ablative) without, except abstergo : to wipe off, clean away. abstulo : to take away, withdraw. absum : to be absent, be away, be missing. abundans : abundant, overflowing, abounding in. abundantia : abundance, bounty, plenty abutor : to use abusive language / use a word incorrectly. abutor : to make full use of, to abuse. ac : =atque and accedo : to approach, come near /(things) to be added. accelero : to quicken, hasten, speed /accelerate. accendo : to kindle, illuminate, inflame. acceptius : suitable for receiving acceptus : welcome, pleasant, agreeable. accido : to fall down /to happen, occur / to hack, hew /to ruin, destroy accipio : cepi, ceptum, receive, accept accipio : to consider oneself indebted, receive, learn, take. accommodo : to adjust, adapt, accommodate oneself. accusator : accusor, plaintiff. accuso : to accuse, blame, find fault with. acer : sharp, keen, eager, severe, fierce. acerbitas : harshness, bitterness. acerbus : bitter, gloomy, dark. acervus : a heap, mass. acidus : sharp, sour. acies : keeness, edge, sharpness, battle-line, battlefield. acquiro : to acquire, gain, get, obtain. acsi : as if, (Herimann p. 283, 293). adamo : to fall in love with, find pleasure in. adapto : adapt, adjust, make ready, or fit. adaugeo : to make greater, add, increase. addo : to give, bring, place, / inspire, cause,/ add, join. adduco : to lead, induce, persuade. ademptio: a taking away. adeo : to approach, visit, come to, undertake. adeo : to such a point, such an extent, so far, so long. adeo : (adverb) so far, to that point, so much, so long, etc. adeptio : attainment, obtaining, achievement. adepto : to obtain, get, acquire. adfectus affectus : (fr. adficio) influenced, worked upon. adfero affero : to cause, bring about, contribute. adfero affero : to bring news, report / apply, bring to bear. adficio : to affect, afflict, weaken, sap, exhaust, drain. adflicto affligo : to injure, weaken, discourage, damage, break. adhaero : to hang to, stick to, adhere. adhuc : till then, till now, still, even now, besides, also, yet. adicio : to direct, address, apply / to throw to. adimpleo : to fulfill, perform. adinventitias : (?) Herimann, cap 2. adipiscor : to come up to, overtake, obtain. adiuvo : to help, aid, assist. adjicio : 4, to add, to turn towards, move towards, suggest adjungo : to join connect administratio : giving of help, administration, government. admiratio : wonder, astonishment, surprise, admiration. admiror : to wonder at, admire, marvel at. admitto : to admit, receive. admoneo : admonish, advise. admonitio : warning, reminder. (insult: Herimann, p. 282). admoveo : to move to, bring up, apply. adnuo : to nod assent. adopto : to wish for oneself, adopt, select, pick out. adservio : to aid, help, assist. adsidue assidue : continuously, without remission. adstringo : (persons) bind, oblige, (+ refl.) commit oneself to adstringo : to draw together, tighten, compress, compact / adsuesco assuesco : to grow accustomed to, used to, make familiar. adsuetudo : custom, habit. adsum : to assist, be present, be near, be in attendance, adsumo (assumo) : to take to oneself, claim, appropriate, call. aduentus : arrival adulatio : fawning, flattery, sycophancy, buttering up. adulescens : young man, youth, lad. adulescentia : youth adultus : (adj.) grown up, mature, adult, of age. aduro (adustum) : to set fire to, burn, singe, kindle, light. advenio : to come, arrive, reach. adversor : to oppose, resist, fight back. adversus : (prep. + acc.) toward, against, facing. adversus : (adj.) facing, opposite, opposing. /unfortunate. adverto : to turn towards, direct one's attention to, attract. advoco : to summon, call / call in an advisor. aedificium edificium : building, structure. aeger eger : sick, ill. aegre egre : (adv.) hardly, scarcely, with difficulty, laboriously. aegresco egresco : to fall ill, become troubled, grow worse. aegretudo egretudo : sickness, mental illness. aegrotatio egrotatio : sickness, illness. aegrus : ill, diseased, unwell. aeneus eneus : made of copper or bronze, brazen. aequitas equitas : justice, fairness, equity. aequus, equus : level, even, calm, equal, favorable, just. aer, aeris : air, atmosphere, ether, weather. aestas estas : summer. aestivus estivus : pertaining to summer. aestus estus : heat, tide. aetas : an age, stage, period of life, time, era. aeternus eternus : eternal, everlasting, without end. affero : (adfero) to bring, give, impart, turn over ager (agri) : farm, field, acre. ager : land, countryside, fields. aggero : to make a mound, heap up, increase. aggredior : to go to, approach, address, attack. agito : to put in motion, move, rouse agnitio : recognition, knowledge. agnosco : acknowledge. agnosco : to know again, recognize, report, understand, admit/ agnosco : to recognize, understand, perceive/ ago (egi actum ) : to spend time, live / manage, drive, lead. ait : he says. aiunt: they say. alibi : else where, in other respects alienus : somebody else's, foreign, alien, strange, different. alii ... alii : some ... others. alioqui : (adv.) otherwise. alioquin : (adv.) otherwise, in some respects /in general. aliqua : some. aliquando : at any time, sometimes, occasionally, at last. aliquanta : (adj.) moderate, or some size. aliquanto : somewhat, considerably. aliquantum : (noun) a good deal. aliquantus : (adj.) of some size, moderate. aliqui : some. aliquid : someone, somebody, something. aliquis : someone, anyone, anything, (adv.) in any respect. aliquo : (adv.) in some direction. aliquot : some, several. aliquotiens : some times. aliquoties : [sic](adverb) several times alius : alia : aliud : other, another, someone else, something else. allatus (=adfero) : having been brought. allec : herrings alo (alui altum) : nourish, cherish, support, sustain, maintain, keep. alquod : some. alter ... alter : the one ... the other. alter : (adv.) otherwise. alter altera alterum : the second, the other one. altus : high, deep. alumno : nurseling, student, disciple alveus : hollow, basket, bed (of a river). amaritudo : bitterness. ambitus : border, edge, extent /going around, circuit. ambulo : to walk. amicitia : friendship amiculum : cloak, cape. amicus : friend, comrade. amissio : amissus : loss. amita : father's sister, paternal aunt. amitto : to dismiss, send away, lose, let slip away. amo : to love, like, be fond of, cherish. amoenitas : pleasantness [of a place]. amoena : pleasant [of a place]. amor : love, affection, infatuation, passion. amotio : removal amoveo : to move away, remove, take out, shift. amplector : to embrace, surround. amplexus : an embracing, surrounding, loving embrace, [euphemism] amplio : to enlarge, increase, improve. amplitudo : size, breadth, dignity, grandeur, greatness. amplus : large, spacious, ample /great important, honorable. an : (adv.) or "Are you going OR are you staying?" ancilla : maidservant, also used by nuns to decribe themselves. andron : corridor, aisle. anethum : dill, anise. angelus : angel. angulus : corner, niche. angustus : narrow, limited, strait, tight, constricted. animadverto : to turn the mind to, take notice of, see, perceive. animi : at heart. animosus : -a,-um courageous, ardent, passionate, furious animus : character, intellect, memory, consciousness, often = mind. animus : courage, vivacity, bravery, will, spirit, soul. annona : yearly produce, grain crop / price of grain / cost of living annullo : to obliterate, destroy, annihilate. annuo : to nod, consent, give assent to /approve, favor. annuo : to allow, grant, promise /designate. annus : year ansa : a handle anser : goose. ante : (prep. + acc.) before/ in front of/ (adv.) before, previously. antea : (adv.) before, previously, formerly. antepono : (+ dat.) put before, prefer, favor, promote. antequam : before (in time) antiquus : ancient, old, hoary, aperio : to uncover, lay bare, reveal, make clear. aperito : F, an opening aperte : openly, frankly. apertio : f, an opening apostolus : (legal) notice sent to a higher tribunal / ecc. Apostle. apparatus : equipment, gear, machinery/ splendor, magnificence. appareo : to become visible, appear, manifest appello : to land appello : to call, name, summon. appono : to appoint a person, to add something. appono : to place near, put to, serve, put on the table. appositus : placed near, approaching, appropriate, appositively. approbo : to approve appropinquo : (+ dat.) to near, drawn near, come close, approach. apto : to fit, approve. aptus : suitable, appropriate, fitting. aptus : fitted, connected, fastened /prepared, fitted out. apud : (prep. + acc.) among, in the presence of, at, at the house of. aqua : water. aquila : eagle. aquilo : the north wind. aquilus : dark colored, swarthy. ara : altar /refuge, protection. aranea : spider's web. arator : plowman, cultivator. aratrum : plow arbitro arbitror : to witness, bear witness / judge, arbitrate. arbor : tree. arbustum : a vineyard planted with trees. arbustus : planted with trees. arca archa : chest, box, money box, coffin, cell. arceo : to shut up, enclose. arcesso, accerso : to bring, fetch, summon, call for. arcus : bow (BOW and arrows), arch, bend, arc. argentum : silver, money. argumentum : proof, evidence. arguo : to show, make clear, attempt to show /censure, reprove arguo : to blame, accuse /prove, expose, convict /declare arista : the point of the ear, the beard on an ear of wheat arma : arms, weapons. armarium : cupboard, chest, safe (for food, clothing, money). armiger : arms-bearer armo : to provide arms, arm, equip, fit out. aro : to plow. ars, artis : skill method, technique, conduct, character. articulus : (of time) a moment, crisis. artificiose : skillfuly. artificiosus : skillful, accomplished, skillfuly made. arto : to press together, reduce, abrdiged. arx : arcis : citadel, stronghold, fortress, keep, donjon. ascia : carpenter's axe, mason's trowel. ascio : to take up, adopt as one's own. ascisco : to receive, admit/ adopt / take up, approve. asper : rough, harsh, severe. asperitas : roughness, severity/ harshness, fierceness. aspernatio : contempt aspicio : to look at, behold, gaze at, see. asporto : to carry off, take away. assentator : flatterer, sycophant, yes-man. asser : a stake, pole. assus : dried, roasted, grilled. assero : 3, claim, defend assimilares : 5 adj, similar assimulo : simulate, immatate, represent assuesco : (-sueui, -suetum) to accustom, to accustom oneself astrum : star, constellation. astus : m, cunning at : (conj.) but. (more emphatic and emotional than sed). atavus : great-great-great grandfather, ancestor. ater atra atrum : dark, gloomy. atqui : (conj.) and yet, still. atrocitas : hashness, cruelty, frightfulness, barbarity, horror. atrox : terrible, cruel, horror. attentus : attentive, careful of one's property attero : to weaken, ruin, rub against, rub away, erode. attero : destroy, waste, weaken, impair. attollo : to raise, lifet up, elevate/ excite, exalt. attonbitus : frantic, inspired, thunder-struck, stunned. auarca : leather sandal worn by pyrenean peasants auctor : author, originator. auctorita : f, authority, power auctoritas : authority auctus : growth, enlargement, increase. audacter, audaciter : boldly, proudly, fearlessly. audax : bold audentia : boldness, courage. audeo : to dare. (part. ausus ) audio : to hear, hearken, listen to. auditor : hearer, listener. aufero : to carry away, remove /steal, carry off, make away with. augeo : to increase, strengthen augeo : increase, enlarge aureus : golden. auris : ear. aurum : gold. austerus : strict, rigid, stern aut...aut : either...or. autem : conj, but, on the other hand, however, moreover autem : moreover, however, but, also. autus : increase, enlargement, growth. auxilium : aid, help, assistance, support. avaritia : avarice, greed. avarus : greedy, avaricious. aveho : to carry away, remove (avexi avectum ) averto : to turn away, avert, avoid. turn back. avoco : to call away, divert. B: baiulus : porter, pall-bearer, carrier of a burden /steward. balaena : whale. balanus : acorn, chestnut, date. balatro : fool, buffoon, jester. balbus : stammering, stuttering, fumbling. balbutio : to stutter, stammer /speak obscurely. balineum balneum : bath, bathhouse, bathing-place. balnearius : pertaining to the bathhouse /bathhouse. balneator : keeper of a bathhouse. balo : to bleat balsamam : balsam tree /balsam gum. barathrum : pit, abyss /the underworld. barba : beard, whiskers. bardus : stupid, slow, dull. basium : kiss. beatus : blessed, fortunate, sometimes "saint". bellicus : martial, military, war-like. bellum : war. bellus : beautiful, pretty, charming, handsome. bene : well (melior : better / optime : best ) beneficium : benefit, favor, service, privilege, right. benevolentia : benevolence, kindness, good will. benigne : kindly, generously. bestia : animal, beast. bibo : to drink, quaff. bis : twice. blandior : to flatter, caress, (+ dat.) coax. blanditia : blandishments, attractions, allurement, charm. bonus : good (melior : better / optimus : best ). bos (bovis ) : cow, ox. bull. brevis : short, small, brief. brevitas : shortness, brevity. breviter : briefly. C: cado : to fall, drop, plummet, topple. caecus : blind, sightless. caedo : to fall, kill caelestis : heavenly, celestial / noun, a god, dweller in heaven. caelum : sky, heaven. caetera : the rest, that remaining calamitas : calamity, misfortune, disaster. calamus : anything made or reed -- pen, arrow, pipe, etc. calcar, -is : spur. calco : to tread, trample upon. calculus : pebble, stone. caligo : to make dizzy calix : a vessel for drinking. callide : skilfully, cleverly / cunningly, slyly, subtly. callidus : clever, dextrous, experienced, skilful / cunning, sly. caltha : marigold calumnior : to accuse falsely. calvus : bald. calx : the heel /stone, pebble /lime /goal, aim. camera : vault, vaulted room /small boat. caminus : a forge, large hearth. campana : bell. campus : level place, field, plain. camur : curved, bent, hooked. canalis : channel, canal /pipe. cancer : crab /the direction south /heat of summer /disease of cancer. candela : taper, candle. candeo : to shine, glow, grow brilliant, sparkle. candidus : bright, shining, white. candide : openly, clearly, candidly. canis : dog. canities : grey hair /old age. canonicus : canonical, according to the canons, legal, lawful, right. canonus : canon, member of a cathedral chapter or canonry, Augustinian. canto : to sing. capillus : hair. capio : to seize, take, choose/ attack, injure/ comprehend. capio : to rent, hire /seize, arrest capistro : to halter, put a halter on a horse. capistrum : halter, harness, mazzle. capitagium : poll tax. capitulus : chapter, chapter meeting, chapter house. capitale : cattle, possessions, chattels. captivas : captivity. capto : to grab, try to get, grab at. capulatio : decapitation. caput : capitis : head /top, summit /chief. caput ieiunius : Ash Wednesday. carbo : carbonis : carbon, coal, charcoal. carcer : prison, cell, jail, dungeon. careo : (+ abl. of sep.) be without, be deprived of, lack, want. caries : rottennes, corruption, decay. cariosus : rotten, decayed. caritas : dearness, affection / charity. carmen : song, poem. carpo : to pluck, seize, grab, lay hold of, hold on to. carus : dear, beloved /costly, high-priced, expensive. casso : to bring to naught, destroy, annul, make void. caste : purely, spotlessly, purely, uprightly, chastely. casus : accident, chance, fortune. casus : downfall casus : a falling /occasion, opportunity /event, accident, violent death catena : chain, fetters. caterva : crowd, troop, flock. catervatim : in troops, in masses. cattus : cat. cauda : the tail of an animal. causa : (in the abl.) on account of, for the sake of. causa : case at law, case, law-suit /situation, condition. causa : cause /reason, motive, pretext /interest. caute : cautim : cautiously, with security. cautela : caution, precaution, security. cautus : [persons] careful, cautious /[things] secure, made safe, protected. caveo : [cavi cautum] beware, avoid, look out for /give security. mortgage. caveo : +acc.= be on guard against /+ut+subj.=take care that. caveo : +dat. of a person= take care of, provide for. cavus : hole, pit. cedo : to go, proceed /turn out, happen/go away, withdraw. cedo : (+ dat.) give ground to, submit to, be inferior to. cedo cessi cessum : to grant, yield. celebratio : large crowd, audience, assembly. celebrer : adj, renowned, well known, popular, famous. celebritas : crowd, multitude /celebration /fame, renown celebrus : abounding in, rich in, much frequented, respected. celer : quick, swift, rapid, speedy, fast. celeritas : speed, swiftness, rapidity, quickness. celeriter : rapidly, quickly, swiftly, speedily. celo : to hide, conceal, keep secret. cella : room, store-room, garret celox : -ocis fast, rapid, swift, fleet. celsus : elevated, lofty /arrogant, proud, haughty. cellarius : adj. relating to a store-room /n. cellarer cena : dinner, meal. cenaculum : garret, attic. ceno : to dine. censeo : censui, censum/ estimate, assess, evaluate /argue, suggest, advise censura : judgement. census : -us/ wealth, property /census centum : one hundred, 100 (undeclinable). cerno : to separate, sift, distinguish /decide, resolve, determine. cernuus : faling headlong. certamen : contest, contention, rivalry of any kind certe : certo : (adv) certainly, assuredly. certo : to contend, settle, dispute, to settle by combat. certus : undoubted, certain, sure, settled, resolved, decided /definite cervus : stag. deer cesso : to leave off, cease /linger, delay cetera : for the rest, otherwise ceteri : the remaining, the rest, the others ceterum : (adv.) otherwise, moreover, but. ceterus : the other, the rest. charisma : carisma : gift, present. chirographum : autograph, person's own handwriting /written charter. cibo : food for animals cibus : food for men and animals. cicuta : hemlock. ciminatio : accusation, calumny, charge. ciminosus : reproachful, slanderous. cinis cineris : ashes, embers. circumvenio : to beset, assail. circumvenio : to come around, surround, cheat, defraud. citatio : summons, call cito : quickly, rapidly, speedily. citara : a harp. citatus : quick, speedy. citatus : summons, citation. cito : to be moved, aroused. citivolus : swiftly flying. civilis : civil, civic. civis : citizen, townsman, bourgeois, burgess. civitas : state, citzenship, city-state. clam : secretly, in secret. clamo : to call, shout, cry aloud, proclaim, declare. clamor : loud shouting, cry. claro : to make bright or clear, make clear in the mind. clarus : clear, bright /renowned, famous, illustrious claudeo : to limp, halt, be lame, to hobble. claudo (clausus) : to confine, shut up, close, blockade, besiege. claudus : lame. claustrum : bolt, bar, prison, den, pen, enclosure/ cloister. clementia : indulgence, forbearance, humanity, mercy, gentleness, etc. clibanus : oven, furnace/ tray for bread making. coacto : to force, compel, coerce. coactu : by force, under compulsion. coactum : force, compulsion, coercement. coadunatio : a gathering together, a summing up, a uniting. coaegresco : to become sick at the same time. coepi : began, started, undertook, initiated (pres. incipio ). coepto : to begin, undertake, coerceo : surround, enclose, restrain, confine. cogito : to think, ruminate, ponder, consider, plan. cognatus : (adj.) related by blood (noun) a relative, kinsman. cognomen : surname, family name, nick-name. cognosco : to examine, inquire, learn. cogo : coegi : coactum : to compel, restrict, confine /force, compel cogo : coegi, coactum : to bring together, drive, draw. cohaereo : to cling to, correspond to cohaero cohero cohesi cohesum : to adhere, stick together cohibeo : confine, restrain, hold back, repress. cohors : a yard, enclosure /troop, 1/10 of a legion. cohortor : to encourage, incite, exhort. colligo : legi, lectum, to collect, gather together, assemble colloco : to place, put, arrange. collum : neck. colo colui cultum : cultivate, cherish color : color. coloratus : colored /dark-complexioned. coloro : to color. coma : hair of the head, leaves, rays of light. combibo : to drink up, suck in. comburo : to burn up, to ruin, consume. comedo comedi comesum : to eat up, consume /waste, squander. comes comitis : companion, friend, comrade /count. cometes : comet cometissa comitissa : countess. comis : courteous, kind, friendly. comitatus : train, retinue, following /war band. comiter : courteously, in a kindly, friendly manner. comito : to accompany comitatus : accompanied. comitto : to entrust, commit. commemoro : to remind, relate, mention/ to keep in mind. commeo : To go up and down, back and forth, in and out. commessatio, onis : eating together. comminor : to threaten. comminuo : to scatter, weaken, damage. comminus : hand to hand, in close combat. commisceo : to intermingle, join, mix. commissum : undertaking, that which is entrusted. commodo : (+ acc.) to furnish, lend, give. commodo : to make fit, adapt, please, oblige, serve. commodum : convenience, advantage, opportunity, comfort. commodum : suitable time, opportunity, convenience, use. commodus : proper, fit, commodius commoneo : to impress upon one. to remind. commoneo : to remember, recollect. commoneo : to remind someone forcibly of somthing. commoror : remain, stay, abide, linger. commoveo : to move violently, disturb, shake /excite, upset. communis : common, general, run of the mill. comparo : to compare. compater : the godfather of a man's child. compatior : to suffer with one, feel pity, have compassion. compello : to drive together, collect, force, compel. comperio : to learn, find out. comperio : to disclose fully, find out with certainty, lay open. comperte : on good authority. compescor : to fasten together, hold in check, restrain, curb compescor : to suppress, repress, check, restrain. competo : to be appropriate, suitable, fit. complectus : embrace, grasp. compleo : to finish. compleo : to fill up, man, bring up to strength, fulfil. complexo : encompass, embrace complico : to fold together compono : to put together, compose. compositio : composition, agreement, pact/ arrangement. compositus : orderly, matching, made up of pieces. comprehendo : to embrace, take firmly, include, seize. comprehendo : to grasp, take together, unite /comprehend. comprehendo : to seize, arrest, take prisoner, catch red-handed. comprobo : to approve fully/ to confirm, prove, establish. compromitto : to agree to refer to arbitration, or an arbitrator. comprovincialis : born in the same province. comptus : a head-dress, a hairband. conatus : exertion, effort / undertaking / impulse, inclination. concavo : to hollow out concedo : to concede, yield, allow, grant, withdraw, give up. concepta : measures, capacity. concero : connect join, twine, join in conflict. concido : to be ruined, fail /cut up, cut down, destroy. concido : to fall down, sink, perish / (wind) subside. concilio : to assemble, bring together /win over, reconcile, unite /cause concilium : council concipio : to take or lay hold of, receive, take in. concisus : cut up, broken, brief, concise. concito : to move violently, stir up, excite, arouse. conculco : to tread under foot, despise, oppress, suppress. concupiscentia : avarice, covetousness. concupisco : to covet, aim at, desire eagerly. concurro : to concur. concutio : to shake together, agitate, alarm, disturb, shatter. condico : to agree, fix, settle, make arrangements. condo : erect, establish, build conduco : hire, employ for wages, among many other meanings. confero : discuss, debate, confer/ betake oneself, devote. confero : to bring together, put together, collect/ confestim : speedily, rapidly, immediately, without delay. confido : have confidence in, be confident of, rely upon. confingo : 3, to fabricate, make up confirmo : to confirm confiteor confessus : to confess, own up, admit, acknowledge. conforto : to strengthen much. confundo : to pour together, mix, blend /confound, confuse, trouble. confusim : in a confused way, fumbling. confusio : mingling, mixture /confounding, confusion, disorder confusus : confused, disorderly /embarassed, troubled, confounded. confuto : to confute /restrain, check, repress. confuto : supress, keep silent /convict. confugo : to flee, have recourse to, take refuge. confuto : to check, repress, stop, halt, turn back /silence congelo : to congeal, harden, freeze. congregatio : assembly, society, union. congrego : to gather together, assemble, convene. congressus : a meeting, association. congrue : adv, suitably congruo : coinside, agree, conform congruus : agreeing, fit, suitable. conicio : to hurl, throw /put together, conjecture. coniecto : to throw together, infer, guess, conclude. conitor : to press upon, to struggle to reach coniuratio : conspiracy, plot. coniuratus : conspirator, plotter. coniuro : to take an oath together, plot, conspire. conor : to undertake, try, venture, presume, attempt, presume. conqueror : to complain loudly. conscendo : to ascend, mount, go up. conscientia : conscience, consciouness, knowledge conscindo : to tear in pieces. conscius : conscious of, aware of. conseco : to dismember, cut into pieces, chop up. consecro : to dedicate, consecrate, sanctify/ to curse/ deify consectatio : striving, pursuit consenesco : to grow old, weak, feeble, infirm consensio : agreement, harmony, cooperation /plot, conspiracy consentio : to agree, consent /plot, conspire consequentia : f, consequential, relating conservo : to preserve, conserve, maintain, keep, hold to. considero : to look at, regard carefully, consido : to set down, settle. consilio : intentionally, on purpose, designedly. consilium : deliberation, consultation, assembly, council. consilium : advice, suggestion, wisdom, plan, purpose, judgment. consimilis : adj, similar consisto : (+ abl. etc.) to be formed of, consist/ stop, stay. consisto : to take one's stand, stand still, stop, be posted. consisto : (+ in) to depend on, rely on. consitor : sower, planter. consolatio : encouragement, amelioration, consolation consonum : adj, n, harmonious conspergo : to sprinkle, bestrew. conspicio : to catch sight of, perceive, behold, understand. constans : steady, firm, unchanging, constant, unwavering. constanter : steadily, firmly. constituo : to arrange, decide, appoint, settle, found, set up. constituo : to set up, place, establish, post, station. constituo : to fix, station, place, cause to stand, set consto : to be established, stand firm, stop, endure. constrictio : to bind together, draw together constringo constrixi constrictum : to bind, confine, restrain. construo construxi constructum : to construct, build, arrange. constupator : ravisher, debaucher. constupro : to ravish, corrupt. consuasor : advisor, counselor. consuefacio : to accustom, acclimate, become used to. consuesco : to accustom, inure, habituate consueta : customary, usual. consuetudo : custom, usage, habit /intimacy, familiar acquaintance. consulatio : deliberation, inquiry, full consideration. consulo : (+ dat.) look to the interests of/consult, ask advice. consulo : to reflect, consider, ponder, reflect. consulo : to look to the interests of, come to a conclusion. consulto : to consider carefully, weigh, ponder. consulto : to ask the advice of, consult. consultum : decree. consummatio : completion, summing up, adding up. consummo : to add together, sum up, make perfect, complete. consumo : to spend, employ, use up, finish, waste away, destroy. consuo consui consutum : to sew together, stitch. consurgo : to stand up, rise up /to arise, break out. contabesco : to waste slowly away, decline in health. contactus : touching, contact /contagion. contages : a touch, contact. contagio contagium : contagion, infection /touching, contact. contamino : to pollute, infect. contego : to cover, shield, protect, defend. contemno : to think meanly of, despise, condemn, hate. contemplatio : survey, contemplation. contemplor : to mark out, regard, consider carefully, survey. contemptim : contemptuously. contemptio : scorn, disdain, contempt. contemptus : despised, despicable, contemptible. contendo : to contend, strive, struggle, hasten. contendo : to assert, maintain /shoot (a missile), cast. contendo : to compare, contrast /compete. contente : eagerly, earnestly. contentus : strained, stretched /eager, zealous. contentus : contented, satisfied contigo : (with dat.), to happen, befall. contineo : hold together, keep together, connect, join. contineo : to touch, reach, grasp, affect, infect. contineo : to hold, to keep togethere, to contian contineo contigi, contectum : border on /befall (good luck). contineo : to keep in, surround, contain, confine, include. contineo: to hold back, restrain. contingo : (contactum) to touch closely, happen to, befall. contingo : to touch /(intransitive) to happen, befall, occur continuo : to join (together), to be after continuo : (adv.) immediately, at once. continuus : connected together, continuous, uninterrupted. contra : (+ acc.) against. contradictio : a speaking against, contradiction. contradico : to speak against, oppose verbally, gainsay contradictio : contradiction, opposition. contrado : to deliver together, or wholly. contraho : to gather together, assemble, draw up, unite contraho : to conclude (an agreement)/ to reduce, contract, constrict contrarius : contrary, opposed contrecto : to touch, handle, feel contremisco : to tremble, shake, quake /be afraid of contremo : to tremble, shake contristo : to make sad or gloomy contristo : to sadden, afflict, damage (of crops). conturbo : to confuse, scatter, throw into confusion, distress. conventus : coming tohether, assembly, union, congress. conversatio : way, manner of life /monastic life. converto : to turn around, cause to turn /to adopt the monastic life. converto : to convert convinco : to overcome, to demonstrate convoco : to call together, convene. copia : abundamce, supply. copiae copie : supplies, troops, forces. copiose : fully, at length, copiously. copiosus : wealthy, rich, abundantly provided, well-equipped. Corbeiam : Corbie. cornu : horn. corona : crown, diadem. corpus corporis : body, corpse. correptius : more shortly. corrigo : (correctum) to make correct, make right. corripio : to seize, snatch up, steal, (of a disease) attack corroboro : to strengthen. corrumpo : (documents) to falsify / (character) to corrupt. corrumpo : to break up, destroy, annihilate /spoil, weaken. corruo : to fall to the ground, sink down /be ruined, destroyed. Corturiacum : Courtrai. coruscus : (a) flashing, twinkling, shaking, trembling. cotidie : daily, every day. Courtacum : Courtrai. crapula : wine : intoxication, drunkenness. crapula : wine-drinking, intoxication, drunkenness. cras : (adv.) tomorrow, on the morrow. crastinus : of the morrow, the morrow. creator : creator, founder. creatura : creature, servant. creber : thick, frequent, numerous. crebro : repeatedly, often, one after the other, time after time. credo : to believe /trust, commit / trust in, rely on/ think. creo : to create, make crepido : (-inis) foundation, base / pedestal / pier, quay / dam crepitaculum : a rattle crepito : (-are) to rattle, creak, rustle creptio : taking by force, seizure. crepundia : a toy, rattle, plaything crepusculum : dusk, twilight. cresco : (cretum) to grow, increase, expand / spring forth, arise creta : chalk, fuller's earth cretatus : chalked, in white cretosus : abounding in chalk cribro : to sift. cribrum : sieve. crimen : an accusation, charge / fault, guilt, crime / cause of a crime criminatio : accusation, charge, calumny criminator : accuser criminor : to accuse / complain of criminose : reproachfully criminosus : slanderous, reproachful crinis : hair. crinitus : long haired crispans : wavy, curly crispo : (-are) to curl / move rapidly / brandish, wave crispus : curly-haired, curly / trembling, quivering, shaking crista : crest, plume / rooster's comb cristatus : crested, plumed croceus : yellow, golden, saffron-colored, of saffron crocinus : yellow, saffron-colored / saffron oil crocodilus : crocodile crocotula : saffron-colored robe crocus : crocus, saffron / yellow, saffron-colored crotalia : ear-rings cruciamentum : torture, torment cruciatus : torture, torment crucio : to torture, torment crudelis : cruel crudelitas : cruelty, inhumanity crudeliter : cruely crudesco : to become violent, become hard cruditas : an overly full stomach crudus : green, fresh, immature, untimely / undigested / harsh crudus : bleeding / raw, uncooked / unripe / unprepared food cruento : to make bloody, stain with blood. cruentus : bloody, bloodthirsty, blood-red crumens : bag, purse / funds, store of cash cruor : cruoris : bloodshed, murder, slaughter, gore crur, cruris : leg, shank, shin, also foot crusta : rind, peel, bark, shell / inlay, embossing crustulum : pastery, cookie crustum : bread, cake crux crucis : cross crypta : vault, grotto, covered gallery crystallinus : of crystal crystalus : crystallus : a crystal, crystal drinking cup cubans : sloping cubicularis : pertaining to a bedroom cubicularius : bed-chamber servant, chamberlain. cubiculum : bedroom, sleeping chamber. cubile : bed, (marriage bed) / lair, den, nest / hive of bees / seat cubitalis : a cubit long cubito : to lie down often cubitum : the elbow /a cubit cubitum ire : to go to bed, retire cubitus : cubitus : a lying down, rest cubo : to lie down, recline / be ill in bed cui : (fem. sing. dat.) IN WHICH (province) did you live? cui : (masc. sing. dat.) TO WHOM did you give it? cui : (neut. sing. dat.) (the monster), TO WHOM the cattle belonged. cuius : (fem. sing. gen.) (the queen), the vices OF WHOM were many. cuius : (masc. sing. gen.) (the saint) WHOSE virtues were many. cuius : (neut. sing. gen) (the building) the size OF WHICH was great. cuiusmodi : of what kind. culpa : fault, blame, (esp. aginst chastity). culpo : to blam, censure, accuse. cultellus : a little knife. cultor : cultivator, planter /with gen.= resident, inhabitant. cultura : cultivation cum : (prep + abl.) with. cum : (with subjunctive) when, as, while, since, although. cum : (with indicative) when. cunabula : cradle. cunae : nest for young birds. cunctatio : delay. cunctator : delayer, procrastinator, cunctor : to delay, impede, hold up. cunctus : all, all collectively, the whole. cupiditas : ambition, avarice, party spirit, eager desire. cupido : passion, desire, wantining, yearning, longing. cupio : to desire, wish, long for, desire. cuppedia : delicacies, candies, sweetmeats. cupressus : cypress, cyrpess wood, a cypress-wood casket. cur : why, wherefore. cura : management, administration, care, concern, charge. curatio : attention /medical attention, healing, curing. curator : guardian, overseer curia : court curiositas : curiosity, inquisitiveness, nosiness. curiosus : careful, attentive/ curious, inquisitive/ worn out by cares. curis quris : a spear. curo : (+gerundive) to see to a thing being done / cure, rest. curo : to care for, trouble about, pay attention to. curo : manage, administer /provide money. curriculum : a running, race, lap around the track, course. currus : cart /a plow with wheels. cursim : hastily, quickly, rapidly. cursito : to run up and down. curso : to run back and forth. cursor : runner, carrier, messenger. cursus : a race, a running, race course, race track, course. curto : to shorten, abbreviate. Curtracus : Courtrai. curtus : shortened /mutilated, defective /gelded. curvo : to bend, arch, curve /influence. curvus : arched, bent, bowed, curved, crooked, wrong (morally crooked). cuspis : point, the pointed end /spear, javelin /cooking spit. custodia : protection, custody. custodiae custodie : guards, wardens. custos : (custodis) guardian, keeper, watchman, attendant,, guard /spy. D: damnatio : condemnation. damno : to condemn, damn. damnum : loss, damage, injury /a fine: dapifer : senescal. de : (prep. + abl.) down from, from, concerning, about. debello : cnquer, vanquish /end a war debeo : to owe, to be morally bound to, to be bound by. debilito : to weaken, ennervate, sap, exhaust. debitum : debt decens, decenter : properly, fittingly, suitably decentia : propriety, decency of behavior decerno : to decide, determine, settle / to decide to do something decerpo : to pluck off / to gather, take away decertatio : a contest, contention decerto : to contend, fight to the finish decessio : a retreat, withdrawal / departure, leaving / decrease, diminution decessor : someone who retires / a predecessor decessus : retirement / withdrawal / departure / death decet : it is seemly, comely, suitable, proper decido : (-cisi -cisum) to cut down, cut off / arrange, settle decido : to fall down / fall dead, die / sink, fall decimus : tenth decipio : (deceptus) ensnare, trap, beguile, deceive, cheat. declamatio : loud or violent speech / declamation / practice in oratory declamo : to declaim, orate / speak loudly declaratio : a clarification declaro : to explain, explain, reveal / to proclaim (a person as chosen) declinatio : a turning aside / declining / avoiding / inflection, declension declino : to turn aside, deflect, turn away / avoid / deviate, swerve/ digress declive : (-is) a slope, decline decoctor : a spendthrift, bankrupt, a fool parted from his money decollo : (-are) to behead decolo : (-are) to trickle away decolor : (adj.) pale, without color decoloratio : discoloration decoquo : (-ere, -coxi, -coctum) to waste / become bankrupt decoquo : (-ere, -coxi, -coctum) to boil down, boil away / (metals) melt away decor : beauty, grace decoro : beautify, embellish, adorn. decorus : beautiful, graceful, charming, proper, fit, becoming decrepitus : infirm, decrepit decresco : to decrease, grow smaller decretum : decree, judgment, edict, order decumbo : to fall, fall into, lie down decurro : to sail downstream decurro : to run down / manoeuver / run in a race / take refuge decursio : (milit.) a charge, manoeuver decursus : a running down / charge, manoeuver, attack / completion of a course dedecor : unseemly, shameful, disgraceful, dishonorable. dedecus : shame, dishonor, disgrace, crime, dishonorable act. dedico : to dedicate. deduco : to lad out colonists, found a colony. defaeco : to cleanse, purify, purge. defendo : to defend, ward off, protect, shelter. defero : to hand over, carry down, communicate, offer, refer. defero : to carry, to bear, to bring defessus : weary, tired. defetiscor (defessus) : to grow tired, weary., deficio : (defectum) to fail, to weaken, to be in want. deficio : weaken, to be in want. defigo : fasten down, secure, fix firmly/ concentrate, fix upon. defleo : to bewail, weep for. defluo : to flow away, disappear, be lost. defluo : to flow down, waste, disappear. defungo : to discharge one's duties, quit, retire, die, finish degenero : to be unlike one's kind, fall off, degenerate. degenero : to cause to degenerate, disgrace by degeneracy. degero : to pass time, live. degusto : to taste. deinde : adv, afterwards deinde : next, then, thereafter, from that place. delectatio : delight, pleasure, enjoyment. delecto : to attract, delight/ (pass + abl) take delight in. delego : to transfer, commit, assign, impute, attribute, ascribe. deleo : (deletum ) to destroy, wipe out, erase. deleo : blot out, erase /annihilate, destroy. delibero : to consider, deliberate. delicate : luxuriously, delicately, slowly. deliciae : allurements, charms, delights, fancies / sweetheart delinquo : to fail, be wanting/ fail in duty, commit a crime. deludo : to mock, cheat. demens : (dementis ) insane, mad, out of one's mind, foolish. demergo : to sink, plunge into, dip under, go into debt. demitto : to let down, lower demitto : set dowwn, let fall (to offer payment to the church). demo : to take away, subtract. demonstro : to indicate, show, describe, explain. demoror : to loiter, linger, tarry, belay. demulceo : to stroke down, caress by stroking. demum : at length at las, finally. denego : to refuse, deny, reject. denique : at last, finally, again, in short. dens : (dentis ) tooth. denuncio : declare, give notice, announce. denuntio : to announce officially, pronounce, declare. denuo : anew, again, a second time, afresh. deorsum : downwards. depereo : to perish, be utterly ruined. depono : to put down, lay aside. depopulo : depopulor : to lay waste, ravage, devastate. deporto : to carry off, to take away. deposco depoposci : to demand. depraedor depredor : to plunder, lay waste, pillage, ravage. deprecator : intercessor, one who pleads on behalf. deprecor : to entreat for, beg for /intercede /curse. deprecor : to beg by entreaty, to excuse oneself / curse. deprehensio : detection. deprimo (depressus) : to press down, depress, low-lying. depromo : to take down, produce, fetch out. depulso : push aside, thrust away. deputo : to count, estimate/prune, cut off. derelinquo : to forsake, desert, abandon. derideo : to laugh at, mock, deride. derigo : [-rexi, -rectum] to set straight, put in order. deripio : to tear down, snatch away. deruptus : broken off. desero : to leave, abandon, foresake. desiderium : wish, longing /regret, grief /want, need. desidero : to long for, wish for greatly, to miss. desidiosus : lazy, unmotivated. designo : designate, define, describe, mark out designo : to define, describe, designate desino (desiit) : to leave off, give over, cease, stop, desist. desino : leave off, give over, cease, stop, end, desist. desipio : to act foolishly, play the fool, make an ass of one's self. desolo : to leave desolate, abandoned, to forsake. desparatus : given up on / desparate. despecto : overlook, dispise, look down upon. despero : to be without hope, despair / despair of, give up. despero : to have no hope, despair, give up. despiciens : contemptuous. despicio : to look down, regard from above, despise. desposco : to demand. destinatus : resolute, firm, determined, with one's mind made up. destino : to fasten down, make fast, fix /determine settle /appoint destituo : to place /leave in the lurch, abandon, desum : defui : deesse : to fail, err, fall short, be missing, absent. desumo : to select, elect, choose, take out. desuper : from above. detego : detectum : to uncover, lay bare, disclose. determino : to fix the limits of, set boundaries to, delimit. detineo : hold off, hold back, detain. detrimentum : damage, loss, detriment. deus : god. devenio : to come to, arrive at, reach. devito : to avoid. devoco : to call away, call down, call aside. devotio : (Christian) piety, devotion, zeal. devoveo : to consecrate, sacrifice, devote /curse, execrate. dexter : right, on the right. dextera : the right hand. diabolus : devil, Satan. dico : (dictum ) to say, tell, speak, name, call, pronounce. dictata : things dictated, lessons, presents. dictator : dictator. dictito : to say often, reiterate. dicto : to say often, dictate, get written down. dictus dictus : a saying, a speech didicerat : (?) Herimann, p. 281. didico : to be told (Herimann cap. 39, 44). dido dididi didtum : to separate, divide, distribute. dies diei : day diffama :tus : spread around, made known. differo : to spread news / delay, defer, postpone. differo : to spread about, spread news / harrass, disturb. differo : to delay, postpone / to differ, be different. differtus : stuffed full, crammed, jammed. difficilis : difficult, hard, troublesome. difficultas : difficulty, need, trouble, distress. digestor : arranger, composer, one who makes a pattern. dignitas : merit, worth, prestige, dignity. dignosco dignosco : to distinguish, recognize as different. dignus : worthy dignus : (+ abl.) worthy, worthy of, meritorious. digredior digredi digressus : to depart, deviate, digress. digressio : separation, departure, digression. digressus : separation, departure, digression. dilabor, to break up, scatter, dissolve, slip away, fall apart. dilato : to spread out, extend, expand, increase. dilgenter : attentively, earnestly, carefully, diligently. diligens : diligent, careful. diligentia : diligence, industry, perseverance, persistence. diligo : to choose out, esteem highly, prize, love. diluculo : dawn, daybreak. diluo : (of troubles) to remove, resolve. dimidium : half. dimitto : to break up, dismiss, leave, abandon, leave behind. directus : plain, simple, direct, open, straightforward. diripio : to separate, tear apart /pillage, devastate, lay waste. diripio : to diripio : to tear in pieces, lay waste, devastate, plunder. dirunitas : long duration. diruo : to demolish, destroy, ruin. diruo : to destroy dis : rich, possessing wealth or worth. discedo : (discessum ) to break up, depart, go away, pass away. discedo : to depart from, deviate, leave discerpo : to dismember, disjoint, sever /divide, break up. discessio : f, management, ordering, direction discidium : separation, division, disagreement, tearing apart. discipulus : disciple, student, learner, pupil. disco : to learn, become acquainted with. discrepo : to differ, to be diifferent, vary, disagree. dispono : to arrange, put in order, draw up (troops). disputatio : debate, dispute, discussion. disputo : discuss. dissero : to examine, treat of, discuss. dissimilis : unlike, different, disparate, dissimilar, distinct. dissimulo : to conceal, disguise, keep secret. dissimulo : to ignore, leave unnoticed. dissolutus : lax, weak, wanting in energy, dissolute, profligate. distinguo : to distraho : (associations) to break up, dissolve. distraho : (persons) estrange, distract /(property) sell up, alienate. distraho distraxi distractum : to pull apart, pull in pieces. distribuo : to distribute, divide. districtus (f. distringo) : strict, severe /hesitating /busy. distulo ; (past) to delay [MGHss 25 : 268]. dito : to enrich, make wealthy. dito : to enrich, endow, make wealthy diu : adv. a long while, long time, for a long time. diu : by day, for a long time, a long time ago. diutinus : lasting a long time, enduring, long-lived. diutius : longer, too long (a period of time). diuturnus : lasting a long time, of long duration. diversus : different, unlike, opposed, hostile. dives : rich, opulent, wealthy. divinatio : prediction, divination divinitus : divine influence, admirably, nobly, by inspiration. divinus : divine, sacred. divitiae divitie : riches, wealth. do dare dedi datum : to give, offer, convey, offer, donate, furnish. doceo docui doctum : to instruct, teach, tutor. doctor : teacher. doctrina : doctrine, teaching, instruction, learning. doctus : taught, instructed, learned, tutored. dolens : painfully. doleo : to suffer pain, to be pained, grieve. dolor : pain, grief. misery, pain, suffering. dolose : slyly, deceitfuly. dolosus : crafty, cunning, sly, deceitful. dolus : fraud, deceit, guile, treachery, a trap. domesticus : domestic, civil. domina domna: lady, mistress. dominatus : rule, mastery, tyranny, domination. dominica : demesne. dominus domno : master, lord. domito : to tame, subdue, break in. domus : house, home, residence. donec : up to the time when, until, as long as, while. donum : gift, present, donation. dormio : to sleep, slumber, siesta, nap. dubito : to doubt, hesitate. dubium : doubt, hesitation, reservation. duco : to lead, draw, esteem, consider. duco : to charm, influence, mislead, draw in. duco : to draw, shape, construct/ (time) spend, delay. duco : to calculate, count, reckon, esteem, considered. duco : to lead on the march, marry a wife, command. dudum : for a long while, a long while ago, some time ago dulcedo : sweetness, pleasantness, charm. dulcidine : sweetly, pleasantly, charmingly. dulcis : sweet, pleasant, agreeable. dulcitudo dulcitudinis dum : while, as long as, until. dummodo : (conj. + subj.) provided dumtaxat : at least, not less than / at most, not more than. duo : two duro: to harden, last, endure. durus : hard, harsh, tough, strong,enduring, / rough, rude, uncouth. Dusiol petram : Duissenpierre. dux ducis : leader, guide, commander, general, duke. E: eatenus : so far, thus far, up to then. ebullio : to boil up, bubble up, to appear, produce in abundance. ecce : Lo! Behold! See! ecclesia : church. econtra : the same as contra: against, opposite, etc. ecquando : at any time? ever? edico : to announce, declare. editio : the publishing of a book, an announcement. edo : put forth, give out. edo edi essum : to eat, consume, devour, waste. edoceo : to inform fully, instruct thoroughly. educo : to draw out, lead out, march out/bring up, rear/ issue. edulis : edible. eduro : to last endure, persist. edurus : hard. effector : effectrix : producer, someone who causes something. effectus : doing, execution, performance, effect, result. effercio : to cram, stuff, fill. effertus : stuffed, jammed, crammed. effero : extuli : elatum : to carry out, bury, lift up, exalt. effervo : to boil up, swarm out (like bees). efferus : savage, wild, untamed, undomesticated. efficax : effective, efficient. efficaciter : effectively, efficiently. efficens : efficient, effective. efficenter : efficiently, effectively, powerfully. efficio : to do, produce, effect, make/ bring about, cause /prove. effigies : effigia : effigy, idol, likeness /ghost, appartition /ideal efflagito : to plead urgently. effligo : efflixi : efflectum : to wipe out, obliterate, destroy. efflo : to breathe out, blow out. effloresco : to blossom, bloom, break out. effluo : to vanish /be forgotten /pour out, leak, seep /become known. effluvium : an outlet /seepage. effodio : to dig out, excavate /to gut effor : to speak, express /state /declare. effreno : to let go without reins. effrenus : wild, unrestrained, unchecked, unbridled. effringo : effregi : effractum : to break, break open. effugio : effugi : effugiturus : flee from, escape, elude, run away. effundo : to pour out, pour forth, shed, utter. effusio : a pouring form, effusion, /exhilaration, upwelling of emotion. effutio : to gab, chatter. egelidus : thawed, lukewarm, tepid. egenus : in want of, in need of, destitute. egeo : to need, lack, want, be without. ego : I, self. effingo : to form, fashion, make /duplicate, copy. egredior : egressus : to go out, leave, depart, exit. eicio : eiectum : to throw out, eject, drive out. elatus : puff-up, proud of oneself, arrogant. electus : chosen, select. elementum : first principle, element, basic constituent. elemosina : alms elemosinarius : almoner, person in charge of providing charity. eligo : to pick out, select, choose. eloquens : eloquent, persuasive, fluent. eloquentia : eloquence, readiness of speech, fluency, persuasiveness. eloquor : to speak out, express oneself, declare, speak eloquently. eluo : to wash out, rinse cleanse /squander, waste. eluvies : a flowing over, flood, innundation. eluvio : inundation. emanio : to flow out, spread /arise, emanate, originate. emendo : to amend, correct emercor : to buy up. emergo : emersi : emersum : to arise, come up, rise up, occur. emerio : to obtain by service, earn completely, deserve well. emineo : to stand out, project, be remarkable, conspicuous. eminor : to threaten, menace. eminus : at a distance, from a distance. emiror : to wonder at exceedingly. emo emi emptum : to buy, purchase. emoveo : to move away, remove, take away. emptio : a buying, a purchase. enim : for, in fact, truly (may often be omitted) enim : in fact, truly, indeed enumero : to count, count up, enumerate. eo ire itum : to go, advance, proceed, travel, move along, progress. episcopalis : episcopal episcopus : bishop epistola : letter, epistle, missive, message. epistula : letter, epistle, missive, message epitaphium : funeral oration epithalamium : wedding song epitoma : abridgement, summary epitome : abridgement, summary epops : epopis : the hoopoe (a bird) epos : epic poem epotus : drunk up, drained / swallowed up eptheca : an addition epulae : epularum : a banquet, feast / food / dishes, courses of a meal epulo : sumptuous food, banquet, feast. epulor : to feast, feast on epulor : to feast, banquet, dine epulum : a banquet, feast equa : a mare eques equitis : horseman, cavalry man rider (classical). equester : (-stris, stre) equestrian, relating to cavalry equidem : (adv) indeed, truly, for my part. equinus : equine, relating to horses equitatus : cavalry, horsemen (classical) equito : (-are) to ride on horseback equus : horse, steed, mount era : mistress, lady eradico : to root out, destroy, obliterate, get rid of erado : erasi : erasum : (-ere) to scratch out, erase / destroy erectus : upright, standing / resolute / proud / alert / anxious /cheerful erepo : to creep out, creep over, creep up. ereptio : seizure, taking by force, confiscation ereptor : thief, robber erga : (+ acc.) toward, about ergastulum : a workhouse for slaves ergo : (adv.) accordingly, then, therefore ergo : (gen. +) on account of, because of ericius : (mil.) hedgehog, chevaux de frise erigo ; erexi : erectum : to erect, raise, set up / arouse, encourage, incite erilis : relating to a master or mistress eripio : eripui : ereptum : to snatch away, take away / rescue, free erogatio : payment, expenditure erogo : to ask for / to pay out, expend, disburse errabundus : wandering erratio : a wandering, straying erratum : fault, error, mistake erratus : wandering, straying erro : to wander, stray, rove / be mistaken, err, go astray. error : erroris : error, mistake, going astray / uncertainty / deception erubesco : (+ inf.) to blush to, (+acc.) blush for, respect erubescundus : something to be ashamed of, worth blushing over eruca : a colewort (plant) eructo : (-are) to vomit, throw up /to cast out, throw out, eject / belch erudio : to polish, smooth / instruct, teach, educate. eruditio : instruction, teaching / knowledge, learning erumpo : erumpi : eruptum : (-ere) to break out, burst forth / (milit.) attack erumpo : erumpi : eruptum : (-ere) to break open, vent, discharge, erupt eruo : to dig up, pull out / raze, demolish eruptio : an eruption, bursting forth / sally, attack, assault erus : master, owner, lord ervum : a bitter weed, vetch esca : food / bait escendo : -scensi, scensum : to ascend, go up, climb, to go inland escensio : a movement inland / milit. marching inland esculentus : succulent, delicious, ripe esito : (-are) to continue eating essedarius : one who fight from a chariot esurio : to be hungry, to hunger / long for, desire, yearn esuritio : hunger et ... et : both ... and. etenim : for indeed ethologus : a mimic etiam : (asking a question) : actually? really? in truth? etiam : (answering a question) yes, certainly etiam : (+ comparative) still [etiam maior = still greater, yet greater etiam atque etiam : again and again etiam : as yet, still / even, also, besides etiamnun : etiamnunc : yet, still, until now etiamsi : even if, although etiamtum : etiamtunc : even then / until then etsi : (acsi) even if, although, nothwithstanding eu : euge : eugepae: good! well done! good job! eunuchus : eunuch evado : (-ere, -vasi, -vasum) to go out, set out / get off / escape / result evagor : to wander out, stray off evalesco : (evalui) to grow strong / become fashionable / prevail / be able evanesco : (evanui) to vanish, disappear / pass away evangelium : the gospel evanidus : vanishing, disappearing / passing away evasto : (-are) to lay waste, devastate eveho : (-vexi, vectum) to carry out (+ relexive) sail away, ride away evello : (-ere, velli, vulsum) to happen, occur, come about, befall evello : (-ere, velli, vulsum) to tear out, pluck out / turn out, result evenio : to come to pass, happen, befall. eventus : eventum : consequence, issue, result, occurrence, experience everbero : to strike violently, to hit hard everriculum : a fishing net, seine / a clean sweep everro : (-verri, -versus) to sweep out, plunder, pillage eversio : an overturning, destruction, ruin eversor : a destroyer everto : (vertin, -versum) to destroy, ruin, demolish, raise, overthrow everto : (vertin, -versum) to turn out, throw out, eject / dislodge, overturn evestigatus : found out, discovered. tracked down evidens : clear, distinct, plain, visible, evident. evidenter : clearly, distinctly, plainly. evigilo : to awaken /be alert, be watchful /[trans.] work hard at. evincio : [vinxi, victum] to tie up, bind. evinco: to conquer, subjugate, enthrall, defeat. eviscero : to disembowel. evito : to shuun, avoid; also, to kill evoco : to draw out, draw on, produce, recall to the colors. evolo : to flee, escape, fly away, rush out. evolutio : unrolling and reading of a scroll, reading of a book. evolvo : evolvi : evolutum : to untangle, extricate, detach, disclose, explain. evomo : to vomit forth. evulgo : to publish. ex : (= e ) (prep. + abl.) out of, from within, from / on account of. exaequo exequo : to be like, equal/ make level or even, relate. exaresco : to become dry, arid exaro : to plow up, dig up /write on a wax tablet. exaudio : to listen to, hear plainly, hear favorably excedo : (trans.) to exceed, leave, pass beyond. excellentia : excellence, merit, worth. excessum : departure, death, digression. excipio : (excepi exceptum ) to take out, except /take, capture. excito : call forth, bring about, wake, raise up. exclamo : to shout, cry aloud, exclaim, call someone by name. excludo : to shut out, exclude. excolo : to honor (a deity), polish, adorn, refine, serve. excorio : to shave /scalp, flay /oppress /peel excrucio : to torment, torture, cause great pain. excusatio : excuse. excuso : to exempt from blame, excuse, make excuses, plead. executio : to seize, recover. executor : adminstrator, executive officer. exemplar : model, pattern, original, prototype, book to copy. exemplum : pattern, model, example . exempoator : m, model, example exerceo : to train, cultivate, keep at work, exercise, practice. exercitus : army. exertus : tested, tried, approved, experienced. exesto : extra esto. exheredo : to disinherit. exheres : disinherited. exhibeo exibeo : to produce, show, display, offer, allow, cause. exhilaro : to make cheerful. exhorresco : to be horrified, to shake, shudder /dread, tremble at. exigo : complete, finish, determine, decide, settle. exigo : drive out, force out, exact, demand, sell. exilis : thin, slender, meager. eximietate : uncommonness, excellence. eximius : extraordinary, excellent, fine, superb. eximo : to free, release, take out, remove, waste. exinde : thence, next/ thereupon, after that, then/accordingly. exinde : thence, furthermore exitiabilis exitialis exitosus : fatal deadly, destructive, lethal. exitium : destruction, ruin. exitus : going out, going forth, exit, end, finish. exordium : the beginning (especially of a speech). exorior : to rise, spring up, issue, appear, come forward. exoro : to prevail upon a person, entreat successfully. exorno : to furnish, provide, supply. exorsus : begun. exosus : loathing, fiercely hating, despising. expalpo : to lure out, coax out. expedio : to release, set free, clear /explain, clarify, set straight. expedio : to free from a snare, disentangle /ready, settled, arranged. expedite : freely, easily. expeditione : military operation, military force, expedition. expeditus : unimpeded, unchecked /(mil.) light-armed expello (expuli expulsum ) : to drive out, expel, force out, banish. experior (experiri, expertus ) : to try, test, experience, prove. expers : wanting, destitute of, not sharing in. expetens : desirous, eager. expeto : to demand, require / desire, strive after, make for. expeto : to fall upon. expilatio : plundering, taking booty. expiscor : to fish out, find out, discover. expleo : to make losses good/ fulfil, discharge (duties). expleo explevi expletum : to fill, fill up, complete, finish. expletio : satifying. expletus : (part.) perfect, complete. explicatus: explanation, exposition. explico : to unfold, unroll, disentangle / explain, expound. expono (exposui expositum ) : to set forth, explain, expose. expositus : open, accessible, exposed. expostulo : to demand earnestly / to make a claim. expugno : to capture, overcome, subdue, take by storm, gain. exquisitus : sought after, exquisite,excellent, fine, delicate. exsequor : to execute, avenge, punish /relate, describe, explain. exsequor exequor : to follow to the grave, follow to the end. exsequor : to maintain, keep up, carry out, fulfill, accomplish. exsertus exertus : project, thrust forward. exsilium : exile, banishment. exsisto existo : to stand forth, arise, appear. exsisto : to emerge, appear, exist, be exspecto : to look for, expect, await, wait for. exstinguo, exstingui, exstinctum : to extinguish, put out. exsto : to stand out, be extant, appear, project, show itself. extermino : exussum, burn down, burn, set on fire. externus : outer, foreign, outside, external. extollo : to lift up, raise up, erect /elevate, exalt. extollo : to praise exaggerate /decorate, adorn. extorqueo : to twist, wrench, dislocate /extort by force. extra : (prep. + acc.) beyond, outside. extraho extraxi extractum : drag out, extract, remove/ extraho : prolong, protract/ bring forward. extraneus : outside, exraneous/ foreign, strange/ a foreigner, stranger. extrarius : outward, external/ strange, unrelated, foreign. extremitas : end, farthest part. extremus : outermost, last, extreme. extrico : disentangle, free, extricate, clear up, unravel. extrinsecus : outwardly, externally, from the outside. extundo : to form by beating with a hammer, invent, devise. extundo : drive away, repel violently, extort. exturbo : to drive away, thrust out. exubero : to grow thickly, abound. exulcero : to aggravate, exacerbate, irritate, make worse, embitter. exulto : to exult, be joyful. exululo : to howl loudly exundo : to overflow, abound, exuo : to lay aside, put away, store/strip, deprive. exuro, exussum : burn down, burn, set on fire. exustio : burning up, conflagration. exuviae : (anything taken off) dress, clothing/ spoils, booty/ hides pelt. F: faba : broad bean, faber : skilled, ingenious. faber : craftsman, artisan. fabre : skillfully, ingeniously. fabrica : manufacture /craft, trade, art /trick, device fabula : fable, story, tale, play. facesso : to work zealously, do, accomplish. facies : face, visage, countenance /aspect, appearance, look, condition. facile : easily. facile : easily, without difficulty facilis : easy, agreeable, affable, pleasant. facillimus : easiest, most agreeable, pleasantest facina -oris : bad deed, crime, villainy/ deed, action. facinarose : viciously, scandalously. facio : (trans.) to make, do, act, perform, cause, bring about. facio : to sacrifice, suit, help, be of service. facio : to give permission/ to experience, suffer (troubles). facis : a bundle, packet. facticius : artificial, man-made. factum : deed, accomplishment, work, act, achievement. facultas : feasibility, opportunity, resources.\, abundance. facultas : power, means, opportunity, capacity, ability, stock. facunde : eloquently, fluently. facundia : fertile, productive, profitable. facunditas : fertility, qickness or readiness of speech. facundus : eloquent, fluent, ready of speech. faenum : fenum : hay. falsus : false, deceptive. fama : talk, report, rumor, gossip, tradition. familia : family, household. familiaris : belonging to a household / friendly, intimate. familiaritas : confidential friendship, intimacy. famosus : much spoken of, renowned /notorious, infamous /libellous famulatus : servitude, slavery, service /an extablishment of slaves. famulor : to be a servant, to serve. famulus : servant. famulus : serving, servile /a servant, slave. fanaticus : enthusiastic, inspired, frenzied. fanum : a temple or church with the land around it, a holy place. far farris : spelt, grain, meal. farci, farci, fartum : to fill up, stuff. farina : meal or flour. farrago : mixed fodder for cattle, mash /mishmash, medley, mixture. farratus : provided with grain. fartim : stuffing, filling. fartor : one who fattens fowls. fas : divine law or command/ fate, destiny/ lawful, allowed. fas est :: it is right, it is fitting, it is lawful. fascia : bandage, band, girdle, girth. fascino : to bewitch, envy. fastidio : to dislike, have an aversion to, loathe. fastidiosus : squeamish, dainty, fastidious. fastidium : disgust, dislike, sqeamishness /scorn, disdain, haughtiness. fastidium : aversion, loathing fastigate : slantingly. fastigatus : pointed down, sloping down. fastosus : pride, haughtiness fateor : to confess, admit, allow, reveal, make known. fatigo : worry, fatigue, vex, harass, tease. fatua : foolish fatum : fate, destiny, doom, lot, weird. fautor : favorer, promoter, patron, partisan, supporter. faveo : (+ inf.) To be inclined to do. faveo : (+ dat.) be favorable to, aid, support, help. feculentia : dregs, lees, impurities, filth. feculentia : dregs, lees, impurities, filth. fefello : to be failed by, disappointed by something. feliciter : happily. felix felicis : lucky, fortunate, happy. femina : woman fenestra : window. fere : almost, near;y, not quite, generally. feretrum : bier, litter. feritas : wildness, savageness. ferme, fere : almost, about. fero tuli latum : to carry, bring, tell, relate, and much else. ferocia : high spirit, courage /arrogance, ferocity. ferocitas : courage, untamed spirit /arogance. ferociter : with spirit, courageously /arrogantly, forciously. ferox : spirited, courageous, warlike /wild, arrogant, unbridled. ferramenta : tools made of iron, or shod with iron. ferrarius : of iron /a blacksmith /iron mines. ferratilis : in chains (slaves and prisoners). ferratus : a soldier in armor /in chains (as a slave) /furnished with iron. ferreus : made of iron /hard, unfeeliing, cruel, unbending. ferrugineus : rust colored, dusky. ferrugo : the color of rust. ferrum : iron, sword. fertilis : fruitful, fertile, productive fertilitas : fertility, fruitfulness. ferula : the herb fennel /a rad to beat children with. ferus : fierce, wild, savage, untamed. fervefacio : to heat, boil, melt. fervens : glowing, hot, heated /(character) heated, fiery. ferventer : hotly, warmly. ferveo : to be boiling hot, boil, seethe, glow/be excited by passion, rage. fervesco : to become hot, begin to glow or boil. fervidus : boiling, seething, foaming /fiery, passionate, excited. festinatio : speed, haste. festino : to hasten, hurry, speed. festinus : hastening, hasty. feteo : to have a bad odor, stink. ficus : fig tree. fidelis : faithful, loyal, true fidelitas : fidelity, loyalty, homage. fidens : confident, without fear, courageous. fides : promise, assurance, word of honor, engagement. fides : trust, confidence, reliance, belief, faith. fiducia : confidence, trust, assurance. fiendo : f.p.p, same as faciendo, the making, it will be made filia : daughter filius : son fimus : dung, dirt, filth, manure. fines finium : boundaries, limits, /territory. fingo-finxi-fictum : to touch, conceive, contrive finis : end, limit, boundary, purpose. finitimus finitumus : neighboring, adjacent, related to, similar. fio, fieri, factus : be made, be done, become. firmo : to assert, maintain/ strengthen, make firm / encourage. firmus : firm, strong, reliable, solid. flamma : flame, fire. flatus : blowing, blast, breathing, arrogance, haughtiness. flax, falcis : sickle, bill-hook, pruning hook. fleo : to weep, cry, shed tears, sob. flere : to cry, shed tears fluctus : billow, wave. flumen : river. fluo : to flow, pour, stream. fodio : to prick, sting, jab. foede : fouly, in a filty manner foedis-e : foul, fithly foedus : foederis : compact, covenant, agreement / law foeteo : to smell bad foetidus : smelly, stinking foetor : a bad smell, a stink foliatus : leafy folium : leaf folliculus : small bag, small purse, little sack follis: a leather bag, purse, bellows, puffed-out cheeks fomentum : poultice / alleviation fomes : fomitis : tinder fomeus : smoky, smoke-filled fons : fontis : fountain, spring / fresh water / source, origin fonticulus : small spring, little fountain for : fari : fatus : (deponent) say, speak, talk about forabilis : penetrable foramen : foraminis : hole, opening, aperture foras : outside, without, out of doors / + dare = to publish forca : pitfall, snare, trap forceps : pincers, tongs forda : a cow with calf fore, forem : future infinitive of sum. forensis, e : legal. forensis : relating to the forum / relating to legal business forfex : scissors, shears foris : out of doors, outside, abroad / from abroad, from outside foris : a door, opening, entrance forix : fornicis : arch, vault / arcade / an arched sallyport forma: forma, shape, beauty. formalis : having a set or standard form, / formal formamentum : conformation formator : a former, fashioner, maker formatura : forming, fashioning, shaping formica : ant formidilose : dreadfully, teribly formidilosus : causing dread, fear, terror formido : formidonis : dread, terror / dreadfulness / scarecrow formido : to be terrified, frightened, afraid formo : to shape, form, fashion. formose : beautifully formositas : beauty formosus : beautiful, well-shaped formula : physical beauty / formula / rule, principle fornacalis : relating to an oven fornacula : a small oven fornax : fornacis : oven, furnace, kiln fornicatus : arched, vaulted foro : to bore, pierce, make a hole, penetrate fors fortis : chance, luck, fortune. fors-itis : chance, luck. forsit forsan forsitan : perhaps, probably. fortasse : perhaps. forte : by chance, by luck, accidentally. fortis : strong, brave, powerful, robust, steadfast, courageous fortiter : strongly, bravely. fortitudo : physical strength, courage, moral bravery. fortuito : (used as adverb) accidentally, by chance fortuitus : accidentally, by luck, casual fortuna : fortune, luck, fate, chance. fortunate : fortunately, happily fortunatus : fortunate, lucky, happy. fortunatus : fortunate, lucky /wealthy, rich fortuno : to make happy, to bless, to prosper foruli : book-case forum : market place, town square. forus : gangway of a ship fossa : ditch, trench, channel, moat fossio : fossionis : an excavation fossor : a digger, ditcher, sapper / fool, boor, clown fossura : digging, delving, sapping, ditching fovea : a pit, trap for game, pitfall foveo : fovi : fotum : to foster, support, encourage foveo : fovi fotum : to cherish / to warm, keep warm, caress. fraga : fragorum : strawberries fragilis : fragile, easily broken / fleeting, transitory / weak, feeble fragilitas : frailness, weakness, fragility, frailty fragmen : fragminis : a breaking / fragments, remains, ruins fragor : a crash, crack. fragosus : roaring, crashing, rough /broken. fragro : to smell, be odiferous, redolent. frango : fracta : to break in pieces, shatter. frater : brother. fraudatio : fraud, deceit, trickery. frendo : to gnash one's teeth, bruise, crush, grind. frendo : gnash the teeth, crush, bruise, grind. freno : curb, restrain, hold back, restrain. frenum : reins, bridle, bit /restraint. frequentatio : frequency, crowding. frequentia : a large concourse, population, numerous assembly. frequento : to crowd, collect in large number, visit. fretus : + abl. relying upon, depending on, banking on. frigus : cold, coolness, cold of winter /dullness, indolence. frons : forehead, brow, front. fructuarius : fruitful, fertile. fructus fructus : fruit, profit, enjoyment, produce. frugalitas : frugality, economy, pinching pennies. frumentum : grain. fruor : to have the benefit of, to enjoy. frustra esse : to be deceived, to be mistaken. frustra : in vain, mistakenly, wantonly, without reason. frustro : frustror : to deceive, dupe, trick, disappoint. frux, frugi : fruits of the earth. fuga : flight, escape, fugio : to flee, escape, runa aaway /avoid, shun. fugitivus : fugitive : deserter, runaway slave. fugo : to put to flight, chase away, drive into exile, pursue. fulcio : to support, strengthen, uphold/ to besiege, oppress. fulgeo (fulsi ): to flash, shine, beam. fultus : supporter. fumidus : smoky, smoke-filled fumo : to smoke, steam, reek fundatio-onis : f, foundation fundator : m, founder funditus : totally fundo : to pour, pour out (like molten metal), melt, cast. fundo : (milit.) to rout, scatter, defeat, put to flight. fungor, fungi, functus : to occupy oneself, perform, do, execute. funiculus : a thin rope, cord, string funis -is : rope, cord, line. funis : rope, cord, line furax : inclined to steal, furca : a fork, pitchfork /narrow pass furcillo : to act as a support furibundus, raging, furious / inspired. furor : madness, rage, frenzy. furs : thief. furtificus : thievish. furtim : by stealth, stealthily. furtum : theft, robbery/ furta : stolen property /trick, deceit. fusus : (from fundo) spread out, extended, wide, copious. futurus : -a, -um, absurd G: galactinus : the Milky Way. galbinus : a greenish-yellow color galea : helmet. gallina : hen gallo : cock Gandavum : Ghent. ganea ganeum : brothel garum : a fermented fish sauce garrio : to chatter, babble garrulus : noising, talkative gaudeo : (gavisus) to rejoice, take delight gaudeo : (+ abl. of specification) to take delight in. gaudium : joy, delight, happiness. gauisus : (< gaudeo) rejoicing, joyous, glad, happy gelamen : assembly, gathering gelide : coldly, weakly, feebly gelidus : cold, frosty, icy, freezing gelo : to freeze gelu : frost, chill, cold Gemblacensis : Gembloux. gemino : to double geminus : twinned /double /paired /half and half gemo : to sigh, groan, wail. generasco : to be produced, to be born generatim : by kinds, according to classes /generally, in general genero : to beget, engender, produce, create generose : nobly generosus : of noble birth, aristocratic, well-bred gens : clan, race, nation, people, tribe. genus : kind, sort, class, category. gero : to carry, bear, wear /bear, give birth to /to carry about. gero : to have, bear gesto : to carry, bear about. gestum (gero) : carrying about, conduct (oneself). gestum (gero) : carriage, bearing / having borne. gigno (genuit) : to bring forth, bear, beget, father. glacialis : icy, frozen, full of ice. gladius : sword. gloria : fame, renown, glory. glorifico : to glorify, adorn, exalt. glorificus : glorious, full of glory. glorior : to glory, boast, pride oneself. glorior : to pride oneself, boast, glory in gluten : glue gluto : glutton gluttio : to swallow, gulp down gnaritas : knowledge gnarus : knowing, acquainted with, expert grano, onis : hailstorm. grassor : go about, go ahead, proceed, attack. grate : freely, willingly, happily gratia : in order to, for the sake of, to. gratia agere : (+ dat.) to thank. gratia : (in the abl.) on account of. gratia : gratitude, favor. gratulor : to wish a person joy, congratulate (+dat.),give thanks gratus : gravatus : sick, oppressed, ill. gravis : heavy, weighty, serious, important /severe, grievous. gravitas : weight, seriousness, dignity, importance. graviter : heavily, seriously. gravo : to oppress, burden, make suffer. gregatim : adv., in flocks, herds, troops, crowds. gregatim : in troops, or crowds. gubernatio-ionis : f, direction, government gusto : to taste. gutter : neck, throat, gullet H: habeo habui habitum : to have, hold, possess /consider, regard. habito : to have frequently /dwell, reside /take possession habitus : disposed, in a certain condition. hac : (fem. sing. abl.) He who lives BY THIS (the sword),... hac : this side, this way, here. hactenus : hitherto, up to this point, so far. hae he : (fem. plur. nom) THESE (speeches) were very fine. haec hec : (fem. sing. nom.) THIS (sword) is more expensive. haec hec (neut. plur. nom.) THESE (kisses) are sweeter than wine. haec hec : haereticum : n, heretical hanc : (fem. sing. acc.) She wasted THIS (her youth). harum : (fem. plur. gen.) The city wall had four OF THESE (gates). has : (fem. plur. acc.) They gave THESE (their lives) for the Faith. Hasnonium : Hasnon. haud : no, not at all, by no means. Heidelberg, you are the finest. Helcim : Helchin on the left bank of the Scheldt. Helnonensis : Elnon. Herimann, p. 279. Heniis Harniis : Hames. hereditas : inheritance, often simply "property." hesito (haesito) : to be unsure, uncertain, wavering. hi : (masc. plur. nom.) THESE (men) are loyal to the king. hic haec (hec ) hoc : this, the latter /he, she, it. hic : (adv.) here. hic : (masc. nom. sing.) THIS (house) is filthy. hilaris : cheerful, merry, gay. hinc : from this place, hence. his : (fem. plur. dat.) She gave her property TO THESE (churches). his : (masc. plur. abl.) They passed BY THESE (roads). his : (fem. plur. abl) A life is enriched BY THESE (friendships). his : (neut. his : (masc. plur. dat.) Tell it TO THESE (policemen). his : (neut. plur. dat.) Listen TO THESE (orders). hoc : (masc. sing. abl.) He gave plenty FOR THIS (field). hoc : (neut. sing. abl.) Do not hesistate BECAUSE OF THIS! (doubt) hoc : (neut. sing. nom.) THIS (monastery) is well-built. hoc : (neut. sing. acc.) Break THIS! (fetter) hodie : today. hodiernus : of today. Hoienses : huy, belgium, between liege and namur. homo hominis : human being, man. honestus : honorable, respectable /fine, beautiful /proper. honeste : respectfully, properly, suitably, appropriately. honor : honor, esteem, public office. honorabilis : respectful. hora : hour, time. hordeum, ordeum : barley. horrendus : horrible, dreadful. hortor : exhort, incite, encourage. hortus ortus : garden / pl. grounds, park. horum : (neut. plur. gen) The cattle OF THESE (monsters) were fat. horum : (masc. plur. gen.) The horses OF THESE (soldiers) are spent. hos : (masc. plur. acc.) They burned THESE (houses) to the ground. hospes : guest, host, stranger. hospitium : hospitality /guest chambers, inn. hostes hostium : the enemy. hostis : an enemy of the state. huic : (fem sing. dat.) There is a statue IN THIS (abbey). huic : (masc. sing. dat.) He sent FOR THIS (doctor). huic : (neut sing. dat.) i'd give my right arm FOR THIS (cookie). huius : (neut.) huius : (fem. sing. gen.) They are fond OF THIS (change). huius : (masc. fem. neut. gen. sing.) Go ahead, eat some OF THIS. humanitas : kindness, culture, refinement. humanus : pertaining to man, humane, humane, cultured, refined. humilis : lowly, humble. humo : cover with earth, bury, humus : ground, earth, soil /land, country. hunc : (masc. sing. acc.) He ate THIS (fruit). Hunnam : Bunna. hypocrita : hypocrite I: iaceo : to lie, lie prostrate, lie dead. iacio : to throw, cast, hurl, lay, scatter, diffuse. iaculator : :a thrower, javelin man, spear thrower. iaculum : dart, javelin, short spear. iactantia : bragging, boasting. iam : now, by now, already/ presently, immediately, soon. iam : moreover, henceforth, indeed, just, further. iamdiu : now for a long time. iamdudum : now for a long time. iam pridem : now for a long time. ianitor : -oris doorkeeper, porter. ianua : door. ianus : arcade, covered passage. ibi : there ibidem : in the same place, at the moment, in that matter. Ico : to strike, hit, wound /strike a bargain, make a deal. ictus : blow, bite, stroke, bolt, thrust. ictus : blow, wound, stabbing, thrust idcirco : on that account, for that reason, for that purpose. idem eadem idem : the same. identidem : again and again, repeatedly. iento : to eat breakfast ideo : for that reason, on that account, therefore. idoneus : proper, worthy, fitting, deserving, capable. iecur : the liver. ieiunitas : hunger, emptiness /meagerness, poverty. ieiunium : fast, abstinence, hunger /leanness, thinness. ientaculum : breakfast. iento : to eat breakfast. igitur : adv, therefore igitur : therefore, consequently, for this reason. ignarus : ignorant, not knowing. ignavus : lazy, listless, inert, sluggish cowardly, a coward. igneus : fiery, ardent, burning, ignis : fire. ignoro : to be ignorant of, not know /rarely: neglect, overlook. ignosco: (+ ignotus : unknown, obscure, ignorant, ignoble. ile : guts, intestines. ilicet : it is finished /right away, immediately. ilico : on the spot, immediately. ilico : illico : on the spot, in that very place /immediately illa : (fem. sing. nom.) THAT (sword) is more expensive. illa : (fem. sing. abl.) He who lives BY THAT (the sword),... illa : (neut. plur. nom.) THOSE (arms) belong to the victor. illa : (neut. plur. acc.) Deborah always won THESE (wars). illac : over there /along that path, in that direction. illacrimo (+ dat.) to weep over. illae ille : (fem. plur. nom.) THOSE (women) must die! illae ille : (sing. gen.) She paid half OF THIS (the cost). illarum : (fem. plur. gen.) The city wall had four OF THOSE (gates). illas : (fem. plur. acc.) They gave THOSE (their lives) for the Faith. illata : from infero to cause, occasion, etc. illaturos : from infero "they would cause." ille : (masc. nom. sing.) THAT (house) is filthy. ille illa illud : that, the former, the famous /he, she, it. illi : (fem sing. dat.) There is a statue IN THAT (abbey). illi : (masc. plur. nom.) THOSE (men) are loyal to the king. illi : (masc. sing. dat.) He sent FOR THAT (doctor). illi : (neut sing. dat.) i'd give my right arm FOR THOSE (cookies). illiam : (fem. sing. acc.) She wasted THAT (her youth). illic : there, at that place, therein, in that matter. illis : (fem. plur. dat.) She gave her property TO THOSE (churches). illis : (masc. plur. abl.) They passed BY THOSE (roads). illis : (fem. plur. abl) A life is enriched BY THESE (friendships). illis : (masc. plur. dat.) Tell it TO THOSE (Marines). illis : (neut. plur. dat.) Listen TO THESE (orders). illis : (neut. plur. abl.) She earned it BY THESE (her deeds). illis : (plur. abl.) She earned it BY THESE (her deeds). illius : (fem. sing. gen.) They are fond OF THAT (change). illius : (masc. fem. neut. gen. sing.) Go ahead, eat some OF THAT. illius : (neut. sing. gen.) She paid half OF THAT (the cost). illo : (neut. sing. abl.) Do not hesitate BECAUSE OF THAT! (doubt) illo : (masc. sing. abl.) He gave plenty FOR THAT (field). illorum : (masc. plur. gen.) The horses OF THOSE (soldiers) are spent. illorum : (neut. plur. gen) The cattle OF THESE (monsters) were fat. illos : (masc. plur. acc.) They burned THOSE (houses) to the ground. illuc : thither, to that place, to that matter, to that person. illud : (neut. sing. nom.) THAT (monastery) is well-built. illud : (neut. sing. acc.) Break THOSE (fetters)! illudo illusi illusum : to mock, make fun of, ridicule illudo-si-sum : 3, to mock, to scorn illum : (masc. sing. acc.) He ate THAT (fruit). imago : image, likeness. imber : ymber : rain shower, rain storm, pelting rain imbibo : imbibe, drink in /think up, conceive. imbrium : of rain. imbuo : to soak, steep, saturate /to stain, dye /to become used to. imcomposite : adv from incompositus; also incompositione imitabilis : that which can be imitated, imitor : to imitate. impeto : to attack, head for. impervius : unpassable. impetus : attack, rush, assault /impulse, sudden passion. immanitas : savagery, frightfulness. immerito : adv. undeservingly, without merit, unjustifiably. immineo : to hang over, be imminent, threaten. immo : by all means, by no means, on the contrary. immo : nay, should I say, on the contrary immodicus :immoderate, excessive, beyond measure. immortalis : immortal. immotus : unmoved. immunda : unclean, impure, dirty, foul. immundus : foul, impure. impedimentum : hindrance, impediment, obstacle, difficulty. impedio : entangle, ensnare, obstruct, surround, hinder, prevent. impedo : to entangle, ensnare, hinder, prevent, obstruct. impeditus : entagles, hindered /embarassed, prevented, obstructed, impello : to drive against, strike upon. impello impuli impulsum : to set in mortion, impel, urge on. impendeo : to hang over, threaten, menace, be imminent. impendium L expenditures, outlay, interest on a loan. impendo : to lay out, expend, weigh out. impenetrabiilis : impenetrable. impensa : expense, outlay. imperator : commander in chief, general, emperor. imperceptus : unperceived /unknown, imperiosus : imperious, dominering, powerful. imperium : power to command, authority, command, rule, control. impero : to give orders, command /to rule, hold sway. impetro : to get, accomplish, effect, obtain (by asking). impetus : attack, onset, rapid motion/ impulse, passion, force. impiger : diligent, active. impigre : diligently, actively. impingo : to hurl against, strike. impius : without respect, irreverent, unpatriotic /wicked. impleo : to fill in (or up), satisfy, content, fulfil, perform. impleo : to fill up, content, satisfy. impono : imposui : impositum : to place, set, stow /embark /cheat, deceive. importunus : unsuitable, unfavorable, troublesome/ inconsiderate. impraesentiarum : for the present, in present cirumstances. imprimis : especially, particularly, specifically. improbus : inferior, bad, wicked, persistent, perverse, bold. improvidus : improvident, negligent, thoughtless, feckless. improviso : unexpected/ (ex improviso) suddenly. impudens : impudent, shameless, insolent, presumptuous. impudenter : impudently, insolently, presumptuously. impugnatio : -ionis : attack. impugno : to attack, assault. impunitus : unpunished, unrestrained, safe. imputo : to lay to a charge, enter in an account, impute to. in : (+ abl.) in. in : (+ acc.) into, toward, against. in praesentia : for the present. inanis : empty, vain, inane. inasnum : n, foolish, insane incassum : in vain. incedo : to awake, march, go, enter into inceptor : beginner. inceptum : beginning, attempt, enterprise. incertus : uncertain, doubtful, unsure, hesitant. inchoatus : unfinished, only begun incido in mentionem : to happen to mention. incido : to fall in or on, fall in with /happen, occur. incipio : to take in hand, begin, commence. incito : to excite, spur, inspire, increase /hasten, urge on. inclino : to bend, incline, turn, change / fall back, waver. includo : to shut in, enclose, establish a siege, surround. inclutus inclitus : celebrated, famous, renowned. incogitania : thoughtlessness incogitatus : thoughtless, inconsiderate / spontaneous incogito : to plan, arrange, contrive, think out incognitus : unknown, unexamined / unrecognized / unclaimed incoho: incohare : to begin, start upon, turn to, start incol : ae : resident, inhabitant of a place / foreign resident incola, ae : resident, inhabitant of a place / foreign resident incolo : incolere : to inhabit, reside somewhere, dwell (in) incolumis : uninjured, safe, scatheless, unharmed incolumitas : safety incomitatus : alone, unaccompanied, without followers incommendatus : without a protector, without a lord incommode : inconveniently incommoditas : inconvenience, uncomfortable / disadvantage incommodo : (-are) to be troublesome, unpleasant, annoying incommodus : inconvenient, troublesome, irksome, disagreeable, unpleasant incommutabilis : unchangeable incomparabilis : without compare, peerless, incomparable incompertus : unknown incomposite : irregularly, in a disorderly manner incompositus : disorder, lack of regularity incomprehensibilis : impossible to catch, incomprehensible incomptus : unkempt, untrimmed / rude, rough inconcessus : forbidden, prohibited, not allowed inconcinnus : awkward, clumsy / without elegance / absurd, laughable inconcussus : firm, unshaken, stable inconditus : disorderly, not arranged, unplanned, confused incongruens : not agreeing, inconsistent, out of place inconsiderate : thoughtlessly, without consideration inconsideratus : without thought, inconsiderate/ reckless, unadvised inconsolabilis : inconsolable / uncurable inconstans : inconsistent, changeable, fickle, unreliable / faithless inconstanter : inconstantly, changeably, inconsistently inconstantia : changeability, inconsistency / faithlessness inconsulte : indiscreetly inconsultus : without asking advise, precipately / imprudent, rash inconsumptus : unconsumed, undiminished, not depleted incontaminatus : pure, unadulterated, unpolluted incontentus : unstretched, not extended, unstrained / untuned incontinencia : lack of restraint, incontinence. incontinens : incontinent inconveniens : not suiting / dissimilar incoquo : incoxo : incoctum : (-ere) to dye incorrectus : unimproved, uncorrected, not emended incorruptus : uncorrupted, genuine, pure, untainted increbresco : (-ere) to grow strong, prevail, increase, wax incredibilis : incredible, unbelievable incredulus : incredulous incrementum : growth, increase / offspring increpito : (-are) to call out to, to rebuke increpo : (of persons) to chide, rebuke. incresco : (-ere) to grow in, or upon incruentatus : incruentus : bloodless incruente : without bloodshed incubo : to hang over, lie heavily upon / dwell in / watch over inculco : to crowd in, press in, trample in / impress upon inculpatus : innocent, without blame, guiltless inculta : waste, desert incultus : neglect, lack of cultivation incultus : untilled, uncultivated / unpolished, rude, rough / untidy, neglected incumbo : (-ere) to apply oneself, concentrate / favor, further, promote incumbo : (-ere) to lie or lean upon, lean over, overhang incunabula : swddling clothes / infancy, birthplace / source, origin incuratus : unhealed, uncured, untended incuria : carelessness, neglect incuriose : negligently, carelessly incuriosus : neglect, careless, negligent incurro : to run into, assail, attack, raid into, come upon. incursio : clash, collision / attack, raid, foray, invasion incurso : to collide with, strike against / attack incursus : an attack, assault / efforts, impulses incurvo : (-are) to bend, curve, make crooked indagatio : investigation. inde : thence, from there, for that reason, thereafter, then. indebitus : not owed, not due. indicium : data, information, evidence. indico : to proclaim, make publicly known, announce, disclose. indifferens : neither good nor bad. indifferente : indifferently indigeo : to require, need, stand in need of. indignatio : indignation. indignus : unworthy, lacking in merit, unfit. indo (past indidi) : to establish, cause, occasion. indomitus : untamed, wild. induco : bring in, introduce, induce, persuade / decide. induco : cover, put on clothing, erase writing, revoke, anull. induco indux inductum : to lead in, introduce, induce, influence. industria : induco : to bring, lead, conduct induco-are : to lead industrius : industrious, diligent, assiduous, hard-working. indutiae : truce, armistice, suspension of hostilities. induviae : clothes, clothing, garb. inedicabilis : unexplainable, inexplicable. inefficax : ineffectual, unproductive, profitless /weak. inefficaciter : ineffectually, vainly, in vain, ineo : to enter, go in /begin, commence, undertake, start ineptio : to play the fool, to trifle. inexpugnabilis : impregnable, unconquerable, not to be taken by force. infamo : to put to shame, disgrace. infantia : infancy, babyhood. infector : dyer. infectum reddere : to revoke, render impossible, make voil, annull. infectus : unworked /not done, unfinished, incomplete. infecunditas : barrenness, sterility. infecundus : barren, sterile. infelicitas : bad luck, misfortune, infeliciter : unhappily. infelix : arbor infelix : the gallows. infelix : unfruitful, barren, unproductive, infertile. infenso : to attack, avenge. infensus : hostile, agressive /(arms) aimed, ready /(spirit) dangerous. inferi : those down below, the dead. inferne : on the lower side, below. infero : (abstract things) : bring on, occasion, cause. infero : (in logic) to infer, conclude. infero : to carry in, put or place on. inferus : below, under, southern. infervesco : to come to a boil, become hot. infeste : in a hostile manner, belligerently. infesto : to attack, disquiet. infestus : aggressive, hostile, dangerous. inficio infeci infectum : to poison, taint, corrupt. inficio infeci infectum : to tinge, dye, stain, imbue. infidelis : unfaithful, disloyal, untrue. infidelitas : faithlessnes, disloyalty. infideliter : faithlessly, disloyally. infidus : untru, disloyal. infigo : to fix, fasten /to imprint, impress. infindo infidi infissum : to cut into. infinitas infinitio : eternity, infinity, endlessnes. infinitus : unlimited, infinite, without bounds, boundless, limitless. infirmatio : weakening /refusing /invalidating. infirme : weakly, faintly. infirmitas : weakness, feebkeness /instability, fickleness. infirmo : to weaken /shake /invalidate, annull/disprove. infirmus : not strong, weak, feeble /(sometimes) sick, ill. infit : he, she, or it begins, begins to speak. infitialis : negative, containing a no, rejection. infitias ire : to deny. infitior : to deny /deny a debt, refuse to return something. inflammatio : setting afire /(people) inflaming /(souls) inspiring. inflammo : to set on fire, inflame, to torch, kindle. inflatio : inflation, flatulence. inflatius : too pompous /on a grander scale. inflatus : blowing into, blast, inspiration. inflatus : pompous, swollen, puffed up, inflated. inflecto : to warp /change, sway, affect. inflecto inflexi inflectum : to bend, bow, curve. infletus : unwept, unmourned, unlamented. inflexio : a bending, swaying. inflexus : bending, curving. infligo inflixi inflictum : to strike, hit, knock /cause damage. inflo : to blow influo influi influxum : to flow in /to rush in, steal in. infodio infodi infossum : to dig in, bury. informatio : concept, idea. informis : formless, shapeless /deformed, hideous. infortunatus : unfortunate, unhappy, unlucky. infortunium : misfortune, bad luck /punishment. infra : (+ acc.) below, under /(time) later than infra : (adv.) below, underneath /to the south, in the underworld. infra inferius infimus : low down infractio : a breaking /infractio aninimi dejection. infractus : broken, weakened, impaired. infragilis : unbreakable, strong. infremo : to growl. infrenatus : without a bridle. infrendeo : to gnash the teetch. infrenis infrenus : unbridled. infreno : to bridle, check, restrain, break in. infrequens : scanty, thin, uncrowded /infrequent /thinly populated. infrequentia : scantiness, emptiness, loneliness. infringo infregi infractum : to beak, weaken, impari, discourage. infrons : infructuosus : unproduction, infertile, unfruitful. infucatus : colored. infula : insignia of office, headband, fillet. infula : headband (worn by a priest), insignia. infundo infudi infusum : to pour in or over /(+ dat.) administer. infusco : to make dark, blacken. ingemino : to redouble, repeat /be redoubled, increase. ingemisco : to groan, sigh over. ingemo : (+ dat.) to groan, sigh over. ingenero : to plant, implant, generate. ingeniose : cleverly. ingeniosus : able, talented /neturally fit, adapted. ingenium : innate character, talent, nature. ingens : of immoderate size, vast, huge, monstrous, remarkable. ingenuitas : free birth, noble-mindedness, frankness, openness. ingenuus : free-born, noble-minded, upright, honorable. ingero : to go off to, betake oneself to, pour forth, inflict. inglorius : without fame, unddistinguished, inglorious. ingluvies : (of an animal) crop, maw. ingrate ingratiis ingratis : unwillingly, ungratefully. ingratus : ungrateful, unpleasant, disagreeable. ingravesco : to become: heavy, a burden, weary, pregnant. ingravo : to weight down, aggravate, afflict. ingredior : to enter upon, begin on /(with inf.) to begin to. ingredior ingredi ingressus : to step in, enter, go in, walk. ingressio : an entering /beginning. ingressus : entering, going in /inroad, movement. ingruo : to fall upon, assail, attack, assault. inguen : the groin. ingurgito : to glut oneself, gorge. ingustatus : untasted. inhabilis : unmanageable, ill-fit, poorly adapted, unsuiited. inhabitabilis : uninhabitable, unfit for man or beast. inhabito : to inhabit. inhaeresco inheresco : to adhere to, begin to cling to. inhaero inhero : to stick in, cling to, cleave to. inhalo : to breathe upon. inhibeo : to hold in, check, restrian /back water /practice, use, employ. inhio : to gape /yearn for, desire, want, covet. inhoneste : dishonorably. inhonesto : to disgrace, dishonor. inhonestus : degraded, dishonored /dishonorable, shameful /ugly. inhonoratus : unrewarded, not honored. inhonorus : dishonored. inhorreo : to bristle. inhorresco : to begin to bristle, shudder, quiver, shake. inhospitalis : inhospitable. inhospitalitas : lack of hospitality. inhospitus : inhospitable. inhumane : inhumanly. inhumanitas : curelty, inhumanity/ incivility, discourtesy/ stinginess. inhumaniter : discourteously. inhumanus : cruel, savage, barbarous, inhuman, uncivil, uncivilized. inhumatus : unburied. inibi : therein, in that place /(time) near at hand. inicio inieci iniectum : to throw on, put on, don /inspire. inimicus : personal enemy, foe, opponent. iniquus : unequal, unjust, unfair. initium : beginning, start, commencement, origin. iniuria : injury, damage, hurt /injustice, wrong. iniustus : unjust, inequitable, unfair. innotesco : to become know, noted. innuo : to give a nod to, give a sign to. innuo : innui : innutum : to hint at, suggest, mean inobedio-ire : disobident, disloyal inolesco : to grow in or on. inops : poor, helpless, in need inquam : I say. inquis : you say. inquisitor : [med] juror, member of an inquest, trustee. inquit : he, she, it says. inreto : irreto : ensnared, entrapped, entangled. inrideo : to laugh at, mock, ridicule. inritus irritus : void, invalid, in vain, useless, ineffectual. inruo irruo : to rush in, fling in. insania : insanity, irrationality, madness, folly. insanum : foolish insciens : unknowing, unaware, ignorant. inscribo : inscribe, entitle, enlist. insensatus : irrational. insequor : to follow, pursue, assail, reproach, rebuke, attack. inservio : to be a slave, serve, be devoted to. insideo : sit upon something, be firmly placed. insidiae : (plural) treachery, ambush, plot, conspiracy. insignio : to put a mark upon, adorn, distinguish insinuo : to insinuate, work one's way in, intimate. insisto : to enter upon [a journey] tread; (with d.) follow. insolita : unaccustomed, unusual. insolitus : unaccustomed /unusual, strange, uncommon. insons insontis : guiltless, innocent. insperatus : unexpected, unlooked for, unanticipated. insquequo : until instabilitas : constant motion, restlessness instanter : urgently. instar : a form, figure, after the fashion of, like. instigo : to goad, incite, stimulate, urge instituta apostolica : canon law instituo : to establish, found, institute. instituo-ui-utum : 3, put in place, begin insto : to pursue eagerly, devote oneself to. instructus : trained, taught. instructus (from instruo) : equipped, trained, supplied. instruo : prepare, provide /draw up an order of battle. instruo : to built in, set up, construct, furnish /train insuadibilis : adamant, immovable, not to be persuaded insudo : (with ablative) exert oneself in, busy oneself with insula : island. Insula : Lille insulto : to leap at or on /revile, insult, deride, heap scorn upon insultus : attack, assault insum : [inesse, infuit] to be in or on, contained in, within. insumo : get one's wish, obtain one's desire insumptuosus : inexpensive, cheap, economical insuper : as mentioned above insurgo insurgi insurrectum : to rise up, rebel, revolt integer : whole, untouched, unhurt, undamaged /complete, entire intellego intellexi intellectum : to understand, comprehend, see. intempestivus: intelligendo : f.p.p., understanding, being understood intemporaliter : eternally, without end intendo : to extend, aim, direct, direct one's course, aim at. intendo : to stretch, strain, try to prove intenta : earnestness, seriousness intentio : effort, exertion, attention, intent / attack, accusation intentor : informant intentus : thorough, tense, anxious, strict. inter : (+ acc.) between, among inter : approximately, about, around, roughly inter canem et lupum : at twilight intercipio intercepi interceptum : to intercept interdico : to forbid, prohibit, outlaw, gain an injunction. interdico : to place an interdict. interdum : sometimes, now and then, at times. intereo : to perish, die. interfectio-onis : f, a killing interficio interfeci interfectum : to kill, murder, slay interfixus : paved, made firm interpono : to place between, interpose /intervene interrogatio : interrogation, inquiry intertio : arrest, seize, take into custody intervigilium : a nap, a doze, forty winks intestina-us-um : internal intolerabiliter : unsupportably intorqueo : twist, distort intrepidus : eager, hot-blooded intro : to walk into, enter, make one's way into. introduco : to lead in, introduce. intueor : to look at attentively, gaze at, consider. intumesco : to swell up, increase, swell with anger. intus : within. inultus : unavenged, unpunished inundantia : flood, overflowing, inundation invado : to undertake, go in, enter, get in. invado : to assail, usurp, seize, attack, fall upon. invalesco : to gather strength, become stronger. invenio : to come upon, find, discover. inventor : inventor, discoverer. investigo : to track down, investigate. inveteratus : hardened by age, of long-standing. invetero : to give duration, to render old invicem : one after the other, by turns, mutually, each other. invictus : unconquer, unconquerable, undefeated. invideo : to envy, be jealous of, look upon with envy. invidia : envy, jealousy, hatred /censure inviso : to go to see, visit, inspect, look at. invisus : hated, hateful. invito : to invite, summon. invitus : unwilling, against one's will. invocatio : invocation, an invoking ioco iocor : to joke, jest, make merry. iocus : joke, jest, jape, gag. ipse ipsa ipsum : himself, herself, itself. ipsemet : his own very self. ira : anger, wrath. irascor iratus : to be angry, to be wrathful. iratus : angry, wrathful. irrito : to irritate, exasperate, excite. irritum : nothingness, worthlessness, vanity. irritus : undecided, void, unfixed, of no effect. irritus : vain, useless, ineffectual, of not effect. irruo : to rush into, rush upon, attack is ea id : this, that /he, she, it. iste ista istud : that /sometimes pejorative. ita : (in narration) and so; (with adj. or adv.) so, so very. ita : so, thus. ita ut : (with subj.) in such a way that, itaque : (adv.) and, so, therefore. item : adv, likewise, moreover iter itineris : road, route, journey. itero : to repeat, say again, iterate. iterum : again, a second time, once more. iubeo iussi iussum : to order, command /tell someone to do iucunditas : pleasure, charm. iucundus : agreeable, pleasant, gratifying. iudex : judge, juror. iudicium : judgment, decision, opinion, trial iudico : to judge, consider iugis iuge : perpetual, continuous. iugo : to bind together, connect, couple. iugosus : mountainous. iugulum iugulus : the throat. iugum : crossbar, beam of scales /crest, ridge. iugum : yoke /a team of oxen, a pair /bond, union /slavery iuguolo : to cut the throat, butcher, kill, destroy. iumentum : beast of burden. iunceus : made of rushes. iunctio : connection, joining. iunctura : a joining, joint /rekationship, combination. iunctus : -a,-um united, connected, joined together iuncus : the rush. iungo iunxi iunctum : to join, unite, cinnect /yoke, harness /to mate iuniperus : the juniper tree. iuratus : under oath iureiuro : to swear an oath. iurgium : quarrel, altercation, brawl iurgo ; to quarrel, brawl /scold. iurisdictio : administration of justice, extent of competence. iuro : to swear, to make an oath. ius iurandum iuris iurandi etc. : oath. ius iuris : justice, law, right /broth, soup. iussu : (abl.) at the command of, by order of. iusta : due forms /funereal rites. iuste : fairly, justly, rightly. iustitia : justice, fairness, equity. iustum : what is right. iustus : just, right, equitable, fair, lawful, proper iuvenalis iuvenilis : youthful. iuvenesco : to reach the prime of life. iuventus : youth (between 20 and 45). iuvo : to help, aid, assist /to please, delight, gratify. iuxta : (+ acc.) close to, near to/ (time) just before. iuxta : close by, near/ in like manner, equally. iuxta : just short of. iuxtim : equally. ivi : past tense of eo J: jaceo-ere-ui : to stand (that which is stated) jaculum : dart, javelin. jaculum : dart, javelin. judicium : trial, legal investigation, judgement, decision. judico : to condemn, judge, try jugis : continual, ceaseless, perennial, constant. jugiter : continually, perpetually, constantly / instantly. jumentum : draft animal. juvenis : young man, youth. juventus : the age of youth (20-40 years). juxta : adv, in a like manner, likewise L: labasco : to give way, totter. labecula : a slight stain, minor disgrace. labefacio labefeci labefactum : to shake, loesen /impair. labefacto : to weaken, disturb /shake violently. labellum : a little lip /a small washing vessel. labes labis : stain, blemish, disgrace, infamy /misfortune. labia labium :lip (labiae : lips). labiosus : having large lips. labo : to totter, sink, begin to fall. labor : hardip, fatigue, distress. labor laboris : labor, work, toil labor lapsus : to slip, glide, slide. labores solis : eclipse of the sun. laboriose : laboriously, with great effort laboriosus : toilsome, laborious /(persons) industrious, toiling. laboro : laboro : (intrans.) to work, toil, suffer, be afflicted, be troubled. labrum : lip, edge, rim /bathing tub. labrusca : wild grape vine. labruscum : the wild grape. lac lactis : milk. lacer : torn, mangled, cut to pieces. laceratio : a tearing, mangling. lacero : to tear to pieces, mangle /squander money /slander someone. lacerta : lizard. lacertosus : muscular, powerful. lacertus : the upper arm /strength. lacesso : to harass, attack. lacrima : tears /exudations from some plants. lacrima Heliandum : amber. lacrimabilis : lamentable, deplorable, woeful. lacrimo : to weep, shed tears /exude, drip. lacrimosus : tearful, mournful, shedding tears, lactans : giving milk. lactatio : enticement, come-on. lacteus : milky, of milk, milk-white. lacto : to allure, entice, wheedle. lactuca : lettuce. lacuna : a hole, empty space /pond, pool /deficiency, loss. lacuna : missing letters, words, or phrases in a manuscript. lacunar : panelled ceiling. lacus : a hollow /lake, pool, pond, troough, tank, tub. laedo ledo : strike, hit, hurt, damage, offend, annoy, violate. laesio lesio : rhetorical attack /wounding. laetabilis letabilis : joyous, glad. laetans : rejoicing, joyous. laetatio letatio : rejoicing, joy. laetifico letifico : to fertilize /cheer, galdden, delight. laetificus letificus : gladdening, joyous, spreading happiness. laetitia letitia leticia : fertility /richness, grace /joy, delight. laetitia : joy, gladness, delight laeto leto : to cheer, gladden, make joyful. laetor letor : to rejoice, be joyful. laeve leve : left-handedly, awkwardly. laevus levus : the left hand, left side, left-handed. laevus levus : foolish, silly /unlucky, unpropitious. laganum : a cake. lama : bog, slough. lambo : to lick /(of rivers) to wash. lamenta (neut. pl) : weeping, wailing. lamentabilis : lamentable, mournful. lamentatio : weeping, wailing, lamenting. lamentor : to weep, wail, lament /(trans.) to bewail. lamia : witch, vampire. lamnia lammina lamna : sheet of metal, coin, knife blade, nutshell. laniatus : a tearing, ripping, mangling, mutilating lanx : dish, platter, plate lapsus : fall, fault, error, sliding, gradual movement. laqueum : noose, halter, snare, trap. laqueus : snare, trap, noose. largior : lavish, bestow, grant, give abindantly. lascivio : to run riot, play, be wanton. lasesco : to become tired, grow weary late : broadly, widely, extensively latenter : secretly, in a concealed manner latito : to lie hidden, be concealed latrator : a barker (such as a dog) latratus : barking latro : (-are) to bark, bay / rant /runble, roar latro : (-onis) hired servant / mercenary soldier / robber, bandit, brigand latro : (-onis) hunter latrocinium : mercenary service / highway robbery / villainy / a gang of robbers latrocinor : (dep) serve as a mercenary / to rob, steal latrunculus : highwayman, robber, brigand, bandit / mercenary soldier latus : broad, wide, extensive latus -eris : sides, flank / lungs / laudabilis : praiseworthy, laudable laudabiliter : (adv) in a laudable fashion laudatio : praise, commendation laudator : praiser. laudo : to praise, extoll, commend /name, mention, cite, quote. Laudunum : Laon. laureatus : crowned with laurel, laureate laureola : a laurel branch, crown of laurel / victory, triumph, success laurifer : carrying laurel, crowned with laurel / tiumphant, victorious laurus : the laurel, bay tree / triumph, victory, success laus : praise, glory, fame lautitia : splendor, elegance lautumiae : lautomiae : (-arum) stone quarry lautus : washed, bathed, cleaned / fine, elegant, refined lauvabrum : a bath lavatio : washing, bathing lavo : lavi : lautus : (-ere) to wash, bathe/ moisten, get wet / wash away laxamentum : a widening, expansion / rest, respite laxe : widely, loosely / unrestrained laxitas : wideness, expansiveness, roominess laxo : sell formally, give up, loosen / widen, extend, enlarge / undo, relax laxo : to relieve / release, set free, liberate / yield up laxus : wide, spacious /later, postponed / lax, loose, relaxed lea : leana : lioness lebes : copper kettle, basin, cauldron. lectica : litter, bier lectio : selection, picking out / reading, perusal lector : reader lectulus : a small bed, cot lectus : bed, couch legatarius : legatee legatio : office of legate / office of ambassador, embassy commander legatus : deputy, ambassador, envoy / commander of a legion legens : (-entis) a reader. legio : a selection / chosen body / legion legitiums : lawful, licit, right, proper, legitimate lego : to gather, choose, collect, pass through, read / appoint, select legumen : a bean, pea, legume lemiscus : a ribbon. lemma : theme, title, epigram. lemures : (pl. only) ghosts, phantoms. lenimentus : alleviation, impreovement, mitigation. lenio : to mitigate, relieve, make better. lenis : smooth /gentle, kind, mild. lenitas lenitudo : smoothness, gentleness, mildness. leno : procurer, go-between. lenocinium : enticement, allurement. lenocinor : to pander, flatter, make up to /to promote, advance. lens : lentis : lentil lente : slowly, calmly, cooly, deliberately. lentesco : to become soft, flexible, sticky /to weaken, slacken. lentitudo : slowness, sluggishness / apathy lento : to bend. lentulus : rather slow, a little slow. lentus : lethargic, inactive /slow, lingering. lentus : tough, resistant, tenacious /supple, pliant / leo : lion Leodie : Liege. Leodium : Liege. lepide : charminly, wittily, elegantly, pleasantly. lepidus : charming, witty, pleasant, elegant. lepor lepos : charm, wit, elegance. lepus : hare, rabbit. Lesciense, monastery of : Liessies. letalis : mortal, deadly, fatal. letaliter : mortally, fatally. letanie : litany lethargus : drowsiness, apathy, sleepiness, coma. letifer : deadly, mortal. leto : to kill, slay. letum : death, ruin, annihilation. levamen : alleviation, mitigation, solace, refreshment. levamentum : comfort, easing, alleviation, consolation. levatio : alleviation, mitigation, solace. leviculus : empty-headed, vain, silly. levidensis : thin, slight, poor. levis : light, slight, trivial /beardless, bald /light-armed. levis : rapid, swift /unimpotant /fickle, inconstant /unstable. levitas : lightness, levity /fickleness, inconstancy /groundlesness. leviter : lightly, softly, slightly. levo : to raise, lift up /relieve, ease /diminish, weaken, impair. levo : to smooth, polish. lex legis : law, statute /covenant, agreement libatio : libation. libellus : little book. libenter : willingly, with pleasure. liber : child, offspring. liber libera, liberum : free, independent, unrestricted. liber libri : book. liberalis : courteous, generous, gentlemanly. liberaliter : courteously, generously, honorably. liberatio : release, liberation, aquittal, setting free. libere : freely, openly, frankly. libero : to lift (an obstacle), raise. libero : to set free, deliver, liberate, release /exempt libertas : freedom, liberty, independence / frankness, candor. libido : whim, caprice, violent desire, passionate longing. liceo : to be valued at, be for sale. liceor : to offer a price, to offer to buy, bid, proffer, tender. licens : unimpeded, free, unrestrained, unchecked. licentia : license, leave, authorization /freedom, liberty /licentiousness. licentio :to authorize, permit, dismiss. licet : (as conj.) granted that, although. licet : granted that, although / it is allowed, one may or can. licet : imper v., it is right, just licitus : permitted, allowed. ligamen : string, thread. ligatio : imprisonment, bondage, captivity, servitude. lignarius : carpenter. lignator : wood-cutter. ligo : to bind, tie. lima : file, polishing, revision. limen limina : threshold. lingua : language, tongue, speech. lino : to smear, befoul, dirty. linteum : linnen, napkin. liquidus : fluid, flowing, liquid / clear, evident, certain. litigo : to quarrel, dispute. littera : letter (of the alphabet). litterae : (pl.) letter, epistle, missive, note /literature. loci : (pl.) passages in literary works. loco : to place, put, position. locupleto : to enrich, make wealthy. locus : place, location, situation, spot. [monastery] loginquitas : distance, remoteness, isolation. longe : far. longe lateque : far and wide. longus : long loquax : loquacis : talkative, loquacious, garrulous. loquor : locutus : to say, speak, tell, declare. lorica : hauberk [a coat of chain mail], a knight's service. loricatus : wearing armor, armored. lubricus : oily, slippery, slick. lucerna : lamp. lucidus : -a-um, shining, bright, clear. lucinaria : lamp. lucror : to gain, profit, win. lucrosus : profitable, gainful. lucrum : gain, profit. luctisonus : sad-sounding, mournful, baleful. luctus : lamentation, mourning, grief. ludio : ludius : actor, player ludo : lusi l: usum : to play, sport /imitate, banter /delude, deceive. ludus : game, sport, school. lues : plague, pestilence, calamity. lugeo : to mourn, be in mourning, grieve/(tans,) to lament, bewail. lumen : light, lamp, lantern /light of day /the eye /clearness /understanding. luminare : luminaris : window shutter. luminarium : light, lamp. luminosus : bright. luna : moon. lunatus : crescent-shaped. lupus : wolf. Lutosensis : Leuze. lux lucis : light. luxuria : luxury, extravagance, opulence. M: macellarius : butcher, slaughter-house. macer : thin, lean. macero : to soften, weaken, reduce, torment. macies : thiness, gauntness /poverty barrenness macresco : to become lean, skinny, thin. mactabilis : deadly, lethal. macto : to magnify, glorify, honor /slay, fight, punish, afflict. macula : macula : stain, mark, spot/ blemish, fault, flaw. maculo : to stain, blemish, defile, pollute. maculosus : spotted, speckled, poluted. madesco : to get wet. madide : drunkenly. madidus : wet, moist, soaked, boiled, soft, drunk, dyed, steeped. mador maero : to grieve, sorrow. maeror meror : mourning, grief, sorrow. magis : more, to a greater extent, rather, for preference magister : master, canon / master of a school, professor. magnopere magnus opere : very, very much. magnus maior maximus : large, great, important. magus : magical. maiestas : majesty, dignity, greatness. maiores : (pl.) ancestors. Malbodiensis : Maubeuge. male peius pessime : badly, ill, wrongly. malens : preferring. maligo-are : to do/contrive evil Malmundarium : Malmedy. malo : to choose, prefer. malo mallui malus : to choose, prefer. malum : evil, misfortune, misdeed, crime, injury, damage. malus peior pessimus : bad, wicked, evil. mancipo mancepo : to sell formally, turn over, give into charge. mancipo : to mandatum : order, decree, mandate, instruction. mandatum : commission, charge, entrust. mando : to commit, entrust, order, command. mane : morning, early in the morning, early. manentia : permanency. maneo : to remain, stay, stay the night, last, endure, abide by. mansuetus : mano : to flow mansuetus : mild, soft, gentle. manus manus : hand, band, handwriting. Marceniense : Marchiennes, Marcieniensis : Marchiennes. mara : marl [an earth rich in CaC, added to lime-deficient soils]. marmoreus : like marble. maro : to apply marl to the soil mare maris : sea. maritus : husband. martyr-yris : martyr martyrium : n, martyrdom mater matris : mother. matera, mairia : ?vat, for the fermentation of beer. materia : material, substance, matter. matertera : maternal aunt. matrimonium : marriage. maxime : especially, particularly, principally. maxime : greatly, exceedingly, to the highest degree, very. me : (abl.) me /you'll do fine with ME, baby. me : (acc.) me /that old black magic has ME in its spell. medicor : to heal, cure. medicus : doctor, physician. mediocris : ordinary, average, fair, moderate, mediocre. meditatio : practice, preparation, getting ready /consideration, pondering. meditor : meditatus : to reflect upon, consider, ponder /practice. medium : everyday life, the common good, the public eye. medius : middle, the middle of, central, midst. medie : moderately. mei : my, mine /MY heart belongs to daddy. that old gang of MINE. mel mellis : honey. melior : better. mellitus : honeyed, sweet as honey. membrana : thin skin, film, parchment, membrane, prepared skin. memini meminisse : to remember. memor : mindful, remembering, grateful, thoughful, prudent. memoratus : mentioned. memoria : memory, remembrance, recall, recollection. Menapiorum : mendiosus : full of mistakes, shot with errors mendosus : faulty, full of faults. mendum menda : fault, blemish, mistake, error mens mentis : mind, thought, intention, intellect. mensa : table. mensis mensis : month. merces mercedis : pay, reward, recompense, compensation. mereo : deserve, gain, obtain, serve as a soldier. mereo mereor : deserve, earn, be entitled to, merit. meretrix meretricis : prostitute, whore, harlot. meridianus : midday, afternoon, south. messis : the harvest, in-bringing, crop. messor : reaper, harvester. mestitia : misfortune? Metim : Metz. metuo : to fear, dread, be frightened. metus : fear, dread, anxiety. meus : my. mica : crumb, morsel, grain /small loaf. micans : twinkling, sparkling, shining, gleaming, flashing, glowing. michina : nostril. mico : to serve /quiver, shake, palpitate. mico : glitter, gleam, shine, sparkle, flash, be bright. migrus, small, puny. mihi : (dat.) me /give ME land, lots of land. miles militis : soldier, warrior, knight. milia : (pl.) thousands. militaris -e : of a soldier, military, martial. militus : ground, milled (of grain). mille : a thousand. millies milies : a thousand times. minae : battlements, parapets /threats, menaces. minagium : duty of the sale of grain. miniatus : damaged, diminished, lessened, decreased. minime : in the least degree, very little/not at all, by no means minimus : least, smallest, slightest. ministro : to attend, wait upon, assist. ministro : to serve, wait upon, provide, supply. minor : smaller, less, slighter. minuo minui minutum : To less, diminish, decrease, grow smaller. minuo : to draw blood, let blood, to bleed (someone). minutor : miner miracula : miraculum : a miracle play. miraculose : miraculously. mire : wonderfully, mervellously, uncommonly. mirifice : wonderfuly, marvelously, extraordinarily miro : to wonder. miror : to marvel at, admire, wonder. mirus : wonderful, astonishing, extraordinary. misceo miscui mixtum : to mix, mingle, blend. miser : wretched, unfortunate, miserable. miserabile : sadly, mournfully, wretchedly miserabilis : sad, wretched, mournful, plaintive misere : wretchedly, miserably. misereo, misereor : to pity. misericordia : pity, mercy. missa : holy mass mitesco : to grow mild, ameliorate. mitigo : to make mild or ripe, make smooth, pacify, appease. mitis : mild, gentle /ripe, mature. mitto : misi : missum : to send, dispatch. modestus : orderly, within bounds, moderate, restrained. modica : moderate, within bounds, limited, undistinguished. modicus : ordinary, undistinguished, within bounds. modio : a grain measure, a bushel basket. modo : now, just now, only. modo...modo : at one time ... at another. modus : measure, bound, limit /manner, method, mode, way. moenia : walls, fortifications of a city /ramparts /castle, fortress Moguntium : Mainz. moleste : take annoyance/ moleste fero I take annoyance. molestia : annoyalce, troublesomeness /stiffness, affectation. molestus : troublesome, disagreeable, annoying. molior : to build, erect, construct, contrive, toil, struggle. mollio : to soften, make pliant. mollis : soft, pliant, flexible, easily moved, gentle. monachus : monk. Monasteriense : M�nster. monasterium : monastery, abbey, convent. moneo : to warn, admonish, remind, advise, instruct. monitio : admonition, warning. mons montis : mountain, mount. monstro : to show, appoint, point out, ordain, appoint, nominate. monstrum : portent, omen, monster. Montensem : Mons. mora : delay moratlis : mortal. morbus : sickness, disease, illness. mores, morium : ways, conduct, character, morals. morior : to die, wither away, decay. mors mortis : death. morsus : a biting, bite, also, sting, pain. mortalitas : the state of being mortal/ death, a dying mortifera : deadly things mortuus : dead, deceased, passed away, gone West, departed. mos : moris/ will, inclination/ custom, wont, usage, rule. motus-us : m, motion (earth quake) moveo moti motum : to move, arouse, affect, influence. mox : soon, presently, then, thereupon. mucro : a sharp point, edge, dagger point. mugio : to groan, bellow, roar, low. mulier : woman. multi : many, numerous /the common herd. multiplex: manifold, many-fold, many times / tortuous multipliciter : in many ways, in various ways multo : by much, by far, by a great deal, by a lot. multum : much, greatly. multus : much, great multus : ne multus : briefly, in brief. multus plus plurimum : much, a lot. mundo : to clean. mundus : clean, neat, elegant. mundus : world, universe. munero/munerior : to give, present. munimentum : fortification, protection, defenses. munio : to fortify, defend, protect /build a road. munitio : fortifying, defense works, bridging, fortification. munus : muneris : service, office, function, duty /gift. mus muris : mouse. mussito : to grumble, mutter. mutatio : change, alteration, transformation. muto : punish, fine, mulct. muto : to change, alter /exchange. mutuo : borrowed, lend, mutuus : a loan. dare mutuum : to make a loan. mutuus : interchanged, mutually, reciprocal / reciprocity. N: nam : but now, on the other hand /surely, for it is certain nam : conj, for, for example, instance nam : namque : (conj.) for /for example, for instance /but now, certainly. Namucense : Namur. narro : to make known, say, speak, narrate. nascor nasci natus : to be born, spring forth. natalis natalis : birthday. natio : nation, people. natio nationis : nation, race, people, breed /pagan people natu : (ab,sing.) by birth. natura : nature nauta : sailor. navale : ship's station, dockyard. navigatio : voyage, navigation. navigo : to sail, navigate. navis navis : ship, vessel, boat. navitas : energy, get up and go. ne ... quidem : not ... even. ne : (conj.) that ... not, in order that ... not, in order not to. nebulosus : misty, foggy. nec ... nec : neither nor. nec : conj, and not nec tamen : and yet ... not. necdum (neque dum) : and not yet. necessarius : necessary, needed, essential, necessary. necesse : (adj.) necessary, unavoidable, indispensable. necne : or not. necnon : and also. neco : to kill, slay, put to death. necto : to tie up, bind, fasten nefas : wrong, sin. nego : to deny, refuse a request, deny something to someone negotium : employment, business, task, occupation, pains. nemo : no one, nobody. nemorosus : wooded, covered with trees, forested neo : to spin, interweave. (to spin thread and yarn). nepos nepotis : grandson. nequam : worthless, good for nothing, bad. nequaquam : by no means, not at all. neque ... neque : neither ... nor. neque nec : and not, nor. nequeo : not to be able, to be impossible. nequequam : by no means, not at all nequiter : wretchedly nequitia nequities : worthlessness, badness, wickedness. nescio : to be ignorant, be unaware, not know, be unkowing. nichilominus : nevertheless. nidor : vapor, smell, reek, odor. niger : black. nihil : (undeclinable) nothing nihildom : nothing as yet nihilominus : nevertheless nihilominus nichilominus : nevertheless, notwithstanding nihilum : nothing. nimirum : of course, undoubtedly, certainly (sometimes ironical). nimis : (adv.) too much, overmuch, excessively nimis : adv. too much, overmuch, excessively nimium : (adv.) too much, overmuch, excessively. nisi : if not, unless, except. niteo : to shine, glitter, be bright, glow, be sleek, flourish. nitesco : to begin to shine, grow sleek. nitesco : to begn to shine /to grow fat or sleek nitidus : bright, shining /fat, sleek /flowering nitor : brillance, brightness, glow, elegance, splendor. nitor : to rest, lean, support oneself / trust in, depend upon. nitor : to strive, exert oneself, make an effort, persevere. nitor : splendor, glow, elegance, brilliance, brightness. Nivellensem : Nivelles, city and monastery. niveus : white, snowy. nixor : to lean against /strive, strain, labor, struggle. nixus : strain, effort. no : (nare, navi) to swim, float, fly, sail. no : -are : being done, made nobis : (abl.) us /there'll be no one as happy as US. nobis : (dat.) us /the world belongs to US. nocens : bad, wicked, injurious, culpable, evil. noceo : (+ dat.) to do harm to, inflict injury, hurt. noceo : do harm, inflict injury. nolo : nolle : nolui : to be unwilling, wish not to, refuse. nomen : name. nomen Romanorum : Roman power. nominatim : by name, expressly. nomine tenus : nominally, in name. non solum :... sed etiam : not only ... but also non : not. nondum : not yet nonnisi : not? not unless? nonnullus : some /pl. several. nonnumquam : sometimes. nonus : ninth. nos : us /they tried to tell US we're too young. nos : we /WE live and die by that creed. nosco : to become acquainted with, get to know. noster nostra nostrum : our, ours. noster nostri : our ours /that old dream of OURS noster nostri : our ours /OUR hearts beat as one. nota : mark, token, note, sign. notabilis : -e, noteworthy, notable, notorious notarius : stenographer (class.), notary, legal scribe. noto-are : make note, mark down novem : nine. novitas : newness, novelty, strangeness. novo : to make anew, refresh, revive, change, alter, invent. novus : new, fresh, young, inexperienced, revived, refreshed. novus : novel, unusual, extraordinary /news, novelty, a new thing nox noctis : night. nullus : not any, no, none. numerus : total, category, class, number. numquam : at no time, never. nunc : now, at the present time, soon, at this time. nunc quidem : at one time...then. nuncupo : to call, proclaim nunquam : never. nuntio : to announce, report, relate. nuntium-i : n, messenger nuntius : messenger, message. nuper : newly, recently, not long ago. nusquam : nowhere, in no place, nothing, for nothing, never. nusquam esse : not to exist. nusquam : nowhere, on no occasion / nusquam esse -- not exist nutrimens : food, nourishment. nutrimentus : nourishment. nutrio : to suckle, nourish, bring up, rear. nutus : a nodding, nod, command, will. nutus : a nod, command, will / gravitation, movement down. O: obdormio : to fall asleep. obduco : to draw over, cover/ lead against / pass, spend obduro : to be hard, persist, endure, last, hold out. obicio obieci obiectum : to offer, throw in someone's teeth. obligatus : bound, under an obligation. obliquo : to turn sideways, turn aside. oblittero : to cancel, blot out. oblivio : forgetfulness, oblivion. obruo : to overwhelm, destroy. obsequium : indulgence, pliancy, submission. obses : (obsidis) hostage, security, pledge, surety obsideo : to sit near /haunt, frequent /besiege, invest obsido : blockage, besiege, invest obstinatus : firm, resolved, staunch. obtestor : to implore, entreat, beg, call as a witness. obtineo : to hold, keep, possess, maintain /to continue. obviam : on the way, in the way /(+ dat.) towards, against. obviam ire : (+ dat.) to go to meet, oppose /help, remedy. obviam : (adverb) in the way, on the way, toward obvius : on the way, in the way / (in dat.) open, accessible. obvolvo : to wrap up, cover, occasio : favorable moment, opportunity. occasus : setting (of the sun, etc)/ the west /fall, destruction. occatio : harrowing. occidio : slaughter, massacre. occido : occidi : occasum : to fall, fall down, (for the sun) to set. occisor : murderer. occludo : to close, shut up, close off. occulco : to trample (down). occulte : secretly, in secret, by stealth. occulto : to hide, conceal, cover. occultus : hidden, concealed /secretly. occumbo : to fall, topple, drop /fall dead. occupo : to take possession, grasp, seize, enjoy, get a start on. occurro : to occur / run to meet, attack /oppose, work against occuro : to occur, come about, happen. occursus : a meeting. ocius : quick. fleet, sooner, faster. oculus : eye. odio : to hate, despite, hold in contempt, dislike strongly. odium : hatred. odorus : keen scenter, sharp nosed. oestrus : horse-fly, frenzy. offa : lump, swelling /pellet, shot /mass of something. offendo : to knock, hit, strike /shock, offend, displease /stumble, lurch. offensio : striking, knocking, hitting against, blow. offensus : collision, shock /dislike, displeasure. offero : to bring forward, place before, present, offer, expose. officina : workshop, factor. officiosus : respectful, attentive. officium : duty, service, job. olim : at that time, formerly, once, for a long time now. omitto : to omit, leave out /let go. omitto : to let slip, lose, pardon omnigenus : of all kinds. omnino : altogether, entirely, wholly, certainly, completely. omnipotens : all-powerful, almighty, omnipotent omnis : all, every. onero : to load, burden, oppress, fil up. onus : load, burden, weight, trouble / charge, public road tax. opera : work, pains, labor. operor : to work, labor, toil, take pains. opes : (pl.) means, wealth, abundance, riches, resources. opinio : opinion, report, rumor, conjecture, report. opinor : -atus, 1, dep. v, to be of the opinion of opisthotonos : A disease where the body is curved backward. oporotheca : place for keeping fruit oportet : it is proper, one should, one ought oportet : imper v., to assume it shall be, reasonable, necessary oportet : it is fitting, it is proper, reasonable, becoming oportunitas : convenience, fitness, advantage, opportunity. oppono opposui oppositum : to set against, oppose, be opposite. opportune : (adv) opportunely, conveniently. opportunitas : fitness, suitability, convenience, advantage. opportunitatus : Heriman, cap. 42. opportunus : opportune, fit, convenient, suitable. opportunus : fit, suitable/ (time) favorable /(+dat.) liable to. opprimo oppressi oppressum : to suppress, overwhelm, overpower, check. opprobrium : reproach, disgrace. oppugno : to fight against, attack, assault, assail. ops : singular: power, poer to aid, power to help optimates : the aristocratic party. optimus: one of the best, aristocrat, noble. opto : to desire, wish for, want. opulens : opulentus : rich, wealthy / powerful, mighty / splendid, sumptuous opulente : opulenter : richly, wealthily opulentia : riches, wealth / power, might / opulence, splendor opus operis : work, labor, work done, completed work, building opusculus : a little or small work, a small book ora : region, clime, district, country / residents of a district ora : edge, rim, border, boundary / coast, coast-line oraculum : a solemn statement, oracle, prophecy, words of a god oratio : speech, address, oration. orator : orator, speaker. spokesman, envoy, ambassador oratorie : oratorically oratorius : oratorical / oratory oratu : (abl.sing.m.) by request orbis signifer : the Zodiac orbis : circle, orb, ring, disk, orbit, coil/ round / rotation orbis lacteus : the Milky Way orbis terrarum : the world, the Earth orbita : a wheel rut orbitas : bereavement, loss of children, loss of parents orbus : deprived of children or parents, orphan / deprived, destitute orca : a pot or jar orchas : orchadis : a type of olive orchestra : theater space reserved for the Senate / senators ordinarius : according to order, regular, ordinary ordinatim : regularly, ordinarily ordinatio : rule, government, order, arrangment, regulation ordinatus : arranged, orderly ordine, ordinem : regularly, appropriately, properly ordino : (-are) to set in order, regulate, arrange, appoint, govern ordior : ordiri : orsus : to begin, start (esp. of speaking) ordo : rank, class, order orexis : appetite, desire organum : instrument, musical instrument. orgia : a festival of mysteries, orgy orichalcum : copper ore / brass oriens : rising, the rising sun / east / morning origo : originis : origin, start, source, beginning / ancestor orior oriri ortus : rise, become visible, appear. orior : to be born / to be a consequence or result of something orior : rise, become visible, appear oriundus : arising from, springing from, coming from ornamentum : equipment, kit, trappings / furniture / decorations ornamentum : weapons / honor, distinction ornate : splendidly, ornately, elegantly ornatus : dress, attire, equipment, ornament, embellishment. orno : to equip, furnish, supply / decorate, adorn ornus : mountain ash oro : to speak, argue, plead, orate, beg, entreat orsa : orsorum : beginning, start, undertaking / first few words orsus : a beginning, undertaking, initiative ortus : -us, m, birth, origin, rising / origin, source oryx : origis : gazelle, wild goat oryza : rice os : oris : mouth, opening, source / a mask os : oris : face, countenance, sight / expression os : ossis : (n) a bone ostendo : show, reveal, present, make plain, declare. ostendo : -ere-di sum, to show, to exhibit ostium : entrance, door. otium : free time, leisure, ease, peace, repose. ovis ovis : sheep. P: paciscor : to make a bargain or agreement, covenant, deal. paciscor : to make an agreement, covenant, pact. pactum : agreement, contract, covenant, pact. pactum : treaty, pact, contract. pactus : agreed-upon, stipulated, betrothed. paecipio : to warn, admonish /teach, instruct paene, pene : nearly, almost. paganus : countryman, peasant, pagan pagatim : in vilages, in a village manner, in a rusticway pala : spade, peel for putting bread in the oven palam : openly, publicly, (+abl.) in the presence of palea : chaff palestra : gymnasium, wrestling school paliurus : a plant, Christ's thorn pallens : pale, wan, pale yellow, pale green /weak, drooping palleo : be pale, be yellow pallesco : (+ acc.) grow pale at pallidus : pale, wan; causing paleness pallium : coverlet, mantle, cloak. pallor : paleness, fading palma : palm palmarium : excellent, splendid, outstanding palmula : blade of an oar palor : (dep.) to wander, stray, err palpito : throb, tremble, shake palpo : carress, stroke /coax, cajole, flatter paludosus : swampy, marshy, boggy palus : pale, stake /swamp, bog, marsh paluster : marshy, swampy, boggy pando : to stretch out, spread out, extend pandus : curved, crooked, arched, bowed pango : to fix, hammer in, drive in, fasten panis : (-is) bread pannus : rag, patch, piece of cloth panthera : leopard, panther papas : tutor papaver : poppy papilla : teat, breast, nipple pappo : -are; to eat papula : a pimple par : equal, like paratus : preparation, fitting out, equipment. paratus : prepared, ready, equipped; (of persons) skilled parce : moderately, economically parco : (+inf.: to forebear to), avoid, spare, keep oneself from. parco : (with dative) to spare, refrain from injuring parcus : sparing, thrifty, economical, moderate pardus : panther, leopard parens : parentis : parent. pareo : (+ dat.) to be obedient to, obey. paries parietis : wall (of a house) parilis : similar, like, equal pario, to bear, bring forth, produce/ create, make, get. pariter : equally, in like manner, as well. pariter : alike, at the same time, together paro : to prepare, get ready/ set, put/ furnish, supply/ buy. pars partis : part, share /direction. partim : partly /some. parum minus minime : (adv.) little, too little, not enough. parum : too little, too few, not enough parumper : for a short time, for a little while, for a bit parvulus : child, infant, young, little /very small, tiny parvus minor minimus : small, little pasco : to graze, forage, browse. passer : sparrow. passim : adv. far and wide, everywhere, scattered about /indiscriminately. patefacio : to disclose, expose, open, make open patella : dish, platter, plate pateo : to be revealed, to stand open, to be clear, plain. pateo : to be open, be exposed pater patris : father. paterna : of a father, paternal, native paternus : of a father, paternal, native patesco : to be laid open, bare, exposed, to be revealed patibilis : endurable, bearable, sufferable patiens : patient /(+ gen.) capable of enduring. patientia : patience, suffering, endurance patina : a dish patior : to suffer, endure, permit. patria : fatherland, one's native country, homeland patricius : a nobleman patrocinor : to protect, defend, support, patronize. patronus : patron, protector. patruus : paternal uncle. pauci : few, a few, some. paulatim : gradually, litle by little. paulisper : for a little while, for a short time. paululum : very small, very little pauper : beggar, person without means. pauper : poor, with few means, poverty-stricken. paupertas : beggardry, poverty, humble circumstances. pax pacis : peace, truce, treaty pax pacis : peace peccamen : sin, fault, error peccatus : sin. pecco : to do wrong, err, sin, go astray. pecto : to comb, card, thrash (to card wool). pectus : pectoris : heart, breast peculium : a bit of money, a small property pecunia : money. pecuniosus : rich, wealthy \profitable, lucrative pecus : a single head of cattle, especially a sheep/ a herd pedes : going on foot, walking /foot-soldier, infantryman peior : worse (see malus). pello pepulli pulsum : to hit, beat /exile, drive away, banish peloris : a clam pelvis : font pendeo : to hang, depend, be suspended /be uncertain, undecided. pendo : to weigh, value, consider, judge, esteem penetrabilis : capable of being penetrated / penetrating, piercing penetralis : passing through, penetrating / internal, inner / penetralis : (noun) interior, inner rooms penetranter : deeply, penetratingly, searchingly penetro : to put into, pass through, penetrate penicullus : a painter's brush, pencil, stylus peniculus : a sponge, brush penis : tail penitens : (penitentis) a penitent penitentia : penance penintentiarius : confessor, penintentiary penitio : to do penance penitus : (adverb) accurately, thoroughly, wholly, entirely penitus : (adv.) inside, widely, through and through, completely penitus : inward, inner, internal, interior penna : feather, wing pennatus : winged, with feathers penniger : winged, with feathers pennipes : wing-footed, swift, fleet pennipotens : capable of flight pennipotenti : birds pensilis : hanging pensio : a weighing out / paying, payment, rent / day of payment pensito : to weigh carefully, weigh out / pay / ponder, consider, think over penso : (-are) to weigh out / estimate, ponder, consider / pay, purchase penuria : penurium :lack, want, penury penuriosus : penurious, poor, poverty-stricken. penus, us : provisions, supplies, victuals peplum : robe of state pepulo : ? Herimann, cap. 3. per : (+ acc.) (means/instrument) through, with, by, by means of. per : (+ acc.) (cause) because of, on account of. per : (+ acc.) (of space) through, along, over / in the presence of. per : (+ acc.) (of time) throughout, during, in the course of. per : (prefix to an adjective) very, excessively, quite pera : wallet, purse, bag peractio : completion, finishing, end peracto : to carry through, complete, accomplish peraeque : quite equally peragito : (-are) to harass, push around perago : (-ere) to harass, disturb / mention / complete, accomplish perago : (legal) to prosecute to the end peragro : to wander through, travel through. per antea : before, formerly. percipio percepi perceptum : to gain, learn, perceive, understand. percontor percunctor : inquire, interrogate, investigate. perculsus : a shock. percutio (percussum) : to strike hard, pierce, transfix /shock. perdignus : very worthy. perditio : loss, destruction perdo : to destroy, ruin, waste, scatter, squander. perdo : to lose, destroy perduco : to lead through, conduct, carry through. perduco: perduxi : perductum : bring through, spread over peregrinus : wanderer, foreigner, stranger / pilgrim, crusader. pereo : to pass away, be destroyed, perish. perfectus : complete, finished, done /perfect, without flaw. perfero : to bear, suffer, endure. perfero: pertulit : to endure, undergo perficio : perfeci : perfectum: to do thoroughly, accomplish, bring about. perfidia : treachery, faithlessness. perfidiosus : treacherous, faithless perfringo : to break through, penetrate /shatter. perfruor : to execute completely, enjoy to the full. perfusus : steeped, soaked, drenched. pergo : to continue, proceed, go on with. periclitatus : put in peril, endangered. periclitor : to test make a trial, put in peril, endanger. periculosus : hazardous, dangerous. periculum : danger, risk. perimo peremi peremptum : to destroy peritus : skilled, expert. periurium : perjury, oath-breaking, foreswearing an oath. perlustro : to pass through, survey, look, examine. permaximum : the very greatest. permeo : to pass through. permitto permissi permissum : to allow, permit, let. permoveo : to excite, agitate, stir up, move. perniciosus : pernicious, destructive. perperam : wrongly, falsely. perpetro : to complete, accomplish, perform. perpetuus : perpetual, lasting, continuous, uninterrupted. perscitus : very clever, exceedingly sharp. per sic quod : on condition that, with the understanding that. perscribo : to write out, write down, place on record. perseco : to cut through, dissect, cut away. persequor : to persecute, hunt down, track, trail. persequor persequi persecutus : to follow, pursue, take revenge. perseverantia : perseverence, persistence. persevero : to persist, persevere, continue. persisto : to persist, persevere. persolvo : to unloose, explain, expound /pay off a debt, pay. personam gero : to act a part. persona : actor's mask, part, role /character, personality. persona : [medieval] one holding an honor, official, magnate. perspicuus : transparent, bright, clear, evident. persto : to persist, remain firm. persuadeo persuasi persuasum : (+ dat.) to persuade. perterreo : to terrify. pertimesco : to become very much afraid. pertinacia : firmness, obstinacy, stubborness. pertinaciter : stubbornly, obstinately. pertinax : persistent, firm, mean, stubborn, obstinate pertineo : to pertain to, relate to, concern. pertingo : to stretch out, extend. pertorqueo : to twist, distort. pertraho : to drag, forcibly conduct, entice, allure. perturbo : to disturb, trouble, perturb, disrupt. perturpis : very disgraceful. peruro perussi perustum : to burn up, consume /inflame, gall, chafe. pervalidus : very strong. pervenio : (+ acc.) to reach, attain, reach, be passed to. perverto perverti perversum : to turn upside down, overturn, overthrow. pervideo pervidi pervisum : to look over, survey, inspect, discern. pes pedis : foot. pessimus : worst (see malus) pessum : to the ground, to the bottom, downward. pessum dare : to destroy, ruin, wreck pessum ire : to sink, be ruined, destroyed, be put to an end. pestifer : pestilential, injurious, damaging, plaguey, pestifere : destructively, injurously. pestilencia : pestilence, plague pestis pestis : plague, epidemic, pestilence /destruction, curse. petitus : inclining toward peto : to ask for, beg, request, demand / to sue for. peto : to make for, go to, seek, strive after. Pevela : Pevele, near Cisoing. pharetra : a quiver. phasma phasmatis : ghost, spirit, specter. philologus : scholar, learned man / adj. learned, literary. phitonicum : Herimann p. 275. phthisis : consumption, tuberculosus. physiologus : a natural science. pia pium : honest, godly, holy, pious, dutiful, patriotic. piaculum : a victim, sacrifice, atonement, punishment /a sin, crime. pica : jay, magpie. picea : the spruce tree pictor : painter picturatus : painted / of cloth, embroidered. picus : woodpecker. pie : adv, piously, religiously pietas : dutifulness, dutiful comduct, piety, devotion, kindness. piger pigra pigrum : lazy, slow, dull. pignus : pawn, pledge, token, (in pl.) persons in pledges of pilo : to shave, sut the hair. pilosus : hairy, covered with hair pilum : heavy javelin pilus : a single hair /a trifle. pinetum : pine wood. pingo : pixi : pcitum : to paint, embroider, draw /stain, dye /decorate. pinguesco : to grow fat, sleek. pinguis : fat, oily, rich, sleek, /fertile. pinguitudo : fatness, rotundity. piper, piperis : pepper. pipio : to chirp, tweet, pipe. pirum : pear. pirus : pear tree. piscator : fisherman. piscis piscis : fish. pius: dutiful, godly, holy, upright, kind, honest, affectionate. placeo : (+ dat.) to please, be agreeble to placet : it is agreed, it is resolved, it seems good. placide : quitely, gently. placidus : quiet, still, gentle. placitum : judgment, case/ plea, litigation / defense. placitum : accord, agreement, pact /assembly for judgment. placo : to placate, appease. plaga : plague (Vulgate), affliction, scourge plaga : a blow, stroke, wound, buffet, plaga : district, zone, region plagiarius : kidnapper, plagiarist plane : plainly, clearly. plango planxi planctum : to strike, beat /bewail, mourn. platea : street, courtyard. plaustrum : wagon, cart, Charles' Wain, the Big Dipper. plebs plebis : the common people, the masses, the crowd. plecto : to punish. plector : to be punished. plene : (adv.) completely, wholly, fully. plenus : full, complete, full, satisfied, rich, mature, plump. plerumque : for the most part, generally, commonly, mostly. plerusque : very many, a great number, a large part, the greater part. plico : to fold. plorabilis : deplorable. ploratio : lamentation, mourning, weeping. plorator : a lamenter. ploratus : weeping, lamenting. ploro : to lamen, weep, weep over. pluit : pluvit : it is raining, a shower is falling. pluma : feather /featherbed /pen. plumbeus : leaden, made of lead /dull, stupid, heavy, opressive, bad. plumbum album : tin. plumbum : lead, a bullet, lead pipe. pluo : to rain, shower, sprinkle. plura : more numerous, several, many. plures : more numerous, several, many. pluries : often, frequently plurimi : at the highest price, of the highest worth. plurimus : most, very many. pluris : (gen.) at a higher price, of a great value plus : more. plusculus : somewhat more, rather more. pluvia : rain, shower. pluvialis : pertaining to rain, of rain. pocius potius : rather, preferrably. pocius : = potius poema poematis : poem, verse, rhyme. poena : pain, punishment, penalty /poena dare : to pay the penalty. poeta : (masc.) poet. polenta : pearl barley, barley groats. pollen : fine flour, fine meal. (also pollis ) polleo : to be strong, powerful, able. pollex : thumb, big toe. polliceor : to promise, offer. pollicitus : promised, a promise. pomum : fruit, apple. pondera : balance, equilibrium. pondero : to weigh, consider, reflect. pondus : a pound's weight /weight, mass, load /heavy body. pono posui positum : to lay, place, put, set /(milit.) post, station. pons pontis : bridge. poposco : see posco; Herimann, cap. 28, 69. populatio : devastation, wasting /population populus : people, the people, nation, crowd, multitude, host. porro : forward, further, next, in turn, (of time) long ago. porta : gate, entrance. posco : to call upon, ask ernestly, request. positus : position, place, arrangment. possessio : possession, property. possum posse potum : to be able, avail, have influence. post : (+ acc.) after, behind. post modum : afterwards, presently, shortly postea : afterwards. posteri : posterity. posterus, postremo : subsequent, following, next, future. posthabeo : to put after, consider of less account, [posthabito]. postpono : to put after, consider secondary. postquam : (conj.) after. postulatio : a demand, request, desire /complaint. postulator : plaintiff, complainant. postulo : to ask, demand, require /summon, prosecute, impeach, try postulo : to complain /contain, measure /need, require. potens : able, mighty, powerful, strong. potentia : f, might, power, authority potestas : power, ability, authority /opportunity. potior : (+ gen. or dat.) to possess, hold, get possession of. potissimum : (adv.) chiefly, most of all. potissimus : best of all, chief, principal. potius : comp. adj, in order that, rather potius : rather, preferably prae dulcis : pre dulcis : exceedingly sweet. prae pre : (adv.) before, in front. prae quam : pre quam : in comparison with. prae : pre : (prep. with abl.) before, in front of. prae se ferre / pre se ferre : to show, exhibit, on account of. praebeo : prebeo : to offer, hold out, supply, provide, allow. praebeo : prebeo : (+ refl.) to show oneself, present oneself. praecedo : precedo : to precede, go before /surpass, excell. praecedo : praecessi :praecessum : to go, result praecelsus : precelsus : exceedingly high. praecepio : precepio : precept, preconception. praeceptum : preceptum : precept. praecido : to cut short, lop, mutilate. praeparo : preparo : to prepare, ready, make ready, arrange. praecipio : precipio : to instruct, advise, warn, anticipate. praecipue : adv, especially praecipue : especially, chiefly praeclarus : preclarus : excellent, famous, beautiful, striking. praeconor : preconor : to be a public crier, to herald, proclaim. praecox : precox : ripe beforehand, premature. praeda : preda : plunder, booty, spoils of war, loot, gain, prey. praedicare : to preach praedicatio : preaching (s), foretelling (s), condemning praedico : predico : to warn, admonish, instruct, foretell. praeeo : preeo : to go before, precede /to say in advance /to order. praefatus-i : m, before mentioned praefero : prefero : anticipate, carry by, ride by. praefero : prefero : to carry in front, display, prefer. praeficio : preficio /prefeci prefectum : to put in charge of praefinio : prefinio : to appoint ahead of time praefoco : prefoco : to choke, suffocate. praegravo : pregravo : to press heavily upon, weigh down, oppress. praeire : to go before praemitto : to send forward, dispatch, send in advance. praemium : premium : reward, prize. praemo : premo : to press down, strike down. praenuntio : prenuntio : to foretell, announce before hand. praenuntius : prenuncius : foretelling, harbinger, omen, token. praepono : prepono : to set over, prefer. praepositus prepositus : (monastic) prior. praeproperus, preproperus: over-hasty, precipitate. praesentia presentia : presence, presence of mind, effect, power. praesidium presidium : guard, garrison, detachment /protection. praesieo-sedi-ere : to sit before, preside, command praestans prestans : excellent, distingished, imminent. praestantia prestantia: superiority, excellence. praesto presto : to do, perform, display, fulfill, offer, present. praesto : to stand before, be outstanding, excell, surpass, show. praesto presto : to answer for, be responsible for. praestolatio prestolatio : the waiting for, expectation. praesul presul : dancer /presider, protector, director. praesum presum : to be at the head of, be in charge of. praesum : v, to be before praesumo presumo : to anticipate, take for granted. praeter : adv, beyond, after praeter : adj., except; prep. + acc., besides, beyond, more than. praeterea : preterea : besides, further, hereafter. praeterea : adv, besides, moreover, as indeed it is praetereo : pretereo : to pass over, pass by, omit. praeteritus : preteritus : past. praetermissio : pretermissio : neglect, passing over, omission. praetorgredior : pretergredior : to pass betond, go beyond. praevenio : get the start of. praevenio, prevenio : to come before, anticipate. praevius : previous, former. pravitas : crookedness, depravity, deformity, perversity. pravus : depraved, wicked, evil, perverse precipio : to anticipate, instruct, advise, warn. precipue : chiefly, especially, particularly. precipuus : excellent, distinguished, special, extraordinary. precipue : especially, particularly, chiefly. precor : to pray, beg, entreat, invoke. prehendo : to seize, snatch, grasp, detain, arrest. premo pressi pressum : to squeeze, press down, strike down. premo : squeeze, press down, strike down. prenda : booty, loot, stolen goods. prepositus : reeve, steward, provost, prior, abbot presertim praesertim : especially, chiefly pretereo : to go by, pass by, escape. pretium : price, vaue, reward. prevenire : to come to, go before hand, attend. prex precis : request, entreaty, prayer. primitus : first, for the first time. primo : first, at first, at the beginning, at the start. primordia : atoms primordium : first beginning, origin primoris : first, foremost /most distinguished, first. primoris : first, foremost, at the top, uppermost primum : quam primum : as soon as possible. primum : at first, for the first time, in the first place. princeps : chief, prince. principatus : rule, dominion, pre-eminence, first place. principium : beginning. prior : prius : former, prior. priores : um : forefathers, ancestors. priscus : ancient, antique, former, old days, venerable. pristinus : former, venerable, ancient. prius : before, formerely. priusquam : (conj.) before. privatus : private, unofficial, a private person. privigna : step-daughter. privo : to deprive privus : (with gen.) deprived of. pro : (+ abl.) in return for, instead of /for, as. pro eo : because of the fact, because, for this reason.. pro : (+ abl.) in front of, before /on behalf of, for. probatur : from probo-are, to judge, test, examine probitas : probity, uprightness, honesty. probo : to show, prove, demonstrate, approve, find good, judge. procedo : to go out, come out /result, prosper /turn out well. procedo : to go ahead, proceed, advance, continue. procella : storm, tempest, gale; (milit) charge, onset, wave. procer : chief noble, prince. procinctu : prepared or ready for battle. procul : far, at, to, from a distance. procuratio : management, administration, diretion, supervision. procurator : manager, bailiff, agent. procuro : to take care of, manage prodeo : advance, go forward, appear, go forth, sally forth. prodico : to put off, delay. prodigentia : profusion, prodigiality. prodigialiter : amazingly, wonderfully. prodigiosus : unnatural, wonderful, miraculous, amazing. prodigium : prodigy, portent / monster, unnatural thing. prodigo : drive forth, waste, spend, expend. prodigus : rich, extravagant, abound in, profuse. proditio : treason, betrayal. proditio : betrayal, treason proditor : traitor, betrayer. prodo : publish, bring forth, appoint /abandon, betray. prodo : deliver, transmit, hand over. prodoceo : teach, inculcate, indoctrinate. prodromus : forerunner producto produxi productum : produce, bring forward, bring out. producto produxi productum : promote, divulge, bring to light. proeliator : warrior. proeliator preliator : fighter, warrior, combatant proelium : battle. profano : profane, desecrate. profanus : not sacred, uninitiated, ordinary, common, impious. profectio : departure, source, origin. profecto : truly, really, indeed. profero : to carry out, bring forth/ advance, impell/cite, mention. profero : to enlarge, extend/ delay, postpone professio : declaration, profession/ trade, art, craft, profession. professor : authority, expert. professorius : authoritative. proficio : to make progress, advance. proficio : advance, assist, help, aid, be of use. proficiscor : to depart, set out, to start forward, to arise. proficuus : proficiscor : to start forward, set out, depart, arise. profiteor: to acknowledge, confess / offer, promise. profiteor: to make a public statement / to declare oneself. profor profari profatus : to speak out. profugus : fleeing, fugitive, banished, migratory. profundo frofui profusum : to pour forth, gush, stream. profundum : a depth, abyss, chasm /the sea. profundus : deep, profound, high, thick, dense, boundless. progener : husband of a grand-daughter. progenero : to produce, engender. progenies : descent, lineage, progeny, offspring, descendants. progenitor : founder of a family, ancestor. progigno progenui progenitum : to engender, briing forth. prognatus : born, sprung from /son. progredior : to go forth, advance, proceed, go out. progressio : advance, progress, increase. progressus : advance, going forward, increase, a royal circuit. prohibeo : to prevent, hinder, restrain, prohibit, forbid. prohibitio : prohibition, restrain, forbidding. proicio : to throw forth, fling, abandon. proinde ut: proinde quam: just as. proinde : consequently, therefore, as a result. proinde quasi : proinde ac si : just as if. prolabor : to slide forward, slip forward, fall forward, fall down. prolapsio : a slipping or sliding. prolatio : a bringing forward, mentioning /extension /deferring. prolato : to enlarge, lengthen, extend /put off, defer. prolecto : to entice, allure. proles : offspring, descendants, posterity, (plants : fruit). proletarius : a citizen of the lowest rank. prolicio prolixi : to lure forth, entice. prolix : long, stretching. prolixus : wide, broad, long / willing, obliging, favorable. proloquor : to speak out, declare openly. proluo prolu prolutum : to wash away, wash clean. prolusio : preliminary exercise, prelude. proluvier : innundation /scouring /discharge. promereo : promereor : to deserve, merit promeritum : desserts, merit, credit.promissio : a promise. prominens : jutting out, standing out /a projection. promineo : to stand out, jut, extend. promisce : promiscue : indiscrimately. promiscus promiscuus : mixed, indiscriminate /commonplace, usual. promissio : a promise promissor : a promiser, suretor, guarantor. promitto : to let go, send forth, undertake, promise. promitto : to let go forward, send forth, promise, undertake. promo prompsi promptum : to produce, disclose, bring forth. promontorium : peak, mountain crest, ridge, promontory. promoveo promovi promotum : push forward, move ahead, advance. prompte : promptly, resolutely, readily. promptu : in promptu ponere : to make clear, reveal, disclose. promptu : in promptu habere : to have read, display, have on show. promptu : in promptu esse : to be ready, to be easy, to be clear. promptus : (persons) prepared, resolute, prompt. promptus : ready at hand, visible, apparent. promulgatio : publication, promulgation (of a law). promus : steward, butler. promutuus : (cash) advanced, prepaid, arragned beforehand. pronepos proneptos : great-grandson pronuntio : to proclaim, announce, declaim. propago-are : to spread, propagate prope : near, near to, not far, not long from now. prope : near, nearly, not far from, just now, closely. propello : to drive before one, drive away. propero : to hasten / accelerate, speed up. propero : to hasten, speed, move rapidly, come quickly. propinquo : (intrans) to come near, draw near, approach. propinquus : near, close, similar, nearly related. propitius : favorable, gracious. propono : display, publish, relate, tell, propose, promise. propositum : a design, purpose, scheme, theme of discourse. proprie : exclusively, particularly, peculiarly. properly. proprius : characteristic, particular. proprius : one's own, permanent, special, peculiar. propter : (+ acc.) near, close, on account of, because of. propugnaculum : fortification, rampart, defense. prorsus : forward, straight ahead, to sum up, utterly, wholly. prosequor (prosecutus) : to attack, go with, pursue, attend. prosper : favorable, fortunate, lucky, prosperous. prosperitas : propserity, good fortune. prospicio : to look into the distance, contemplate. prosterno : to knock down, cast down /destroy, ruin. prosum (profuturus) : to be useful, of benefit, do good. prosum : (with dat.) to be useful, do good, benefit. protestor, protesto : to declare in public, affirm, bear witness. prothonotario : protonotary protinus : forward, further on, continuously, immediately. protraho (protractus): to draw out, rpotact, defer, make known. prout : as, just as, according to. provectus : advanced, advanced in age. provectus : aged, old, advanced in years proveho : to carry on, carry forward, advance, promote, proventus : a growing up, increase, crop, yield, or issue. provideo : to foresee, provide, make provision for. provisor : one who provides for, or against. provolvere se : to throw oneself down, abase oneself. proximus : nearest, closest, next. prudens : prudent, wise. prudenter : wisely, discreetly. prudentia : foresight, wisdom, discretion. Pruma : Prums. publicus : of the people, public, open to all. puchre : beautifully, finely, handsomely. pudendus : shameful, disgraceful. pudeo : to be ashamed, pudicus : modest. chaste. pudor : modesty, bashfulness. puella : girl. puer : boy. puerilis : childish, boyish, folish, foolish. pueriliter : boyishly, childishly, foolishly. puga pyga : buttocks. pugna : fight, battle, conflict, set-to. pugnacitas : the desire to fight, pugnacity. pugnaculum : fortress. pugnax : fond of fighting, combative, stubborn, contntious. pugno : to fight. pugnus : the fist. pulchellus : pretty. pulcher pulchra pulchrum : beautiful, handsome, fine. pulchritudo pulchritudinis : beauty, fineness. pulex : the flea. pullulo : shoot up, sprout, burgeon. pullus : dark-clorored, blackish /sad, gloomy / a dark garment. pullus : young animal /chicken, chick. pulmentum : anything eaten with bread, sauce or relish. pulmo : the lung. pulpa : flesh. pulpitum : platform, stage. pulso : to strike (the hours) pulsus : beating, blow, push, impulse, influence. pulvis : dust, powder /arena, scene of action. pumilius pumilio : a dwarf. punctum : a prick, little hole, puncture /a point, spot, place. pungo pupugi punctum : to prick, puncture, stab /touch, move. pungo pupugi punctum : to penetrate /sting, annoy, harrass. puniceus : purple, red. punio : to punish, avenge, gave vengeance. punitor : punisher, avenger. pupa : doll /little girl. pupillus pupilla : orphan, ward. puppis : stern of a ship, the poop. pupula : pupil of the eye. purgamentum : rubbish, trash, filth, sweepings. purgatio: cleaning out, cleansing /excsuing, justification. purgo : to clean, cleanse, purify/ clear away, wash off/ justify. purpura : purple dye, purple cloth /high rank, emperorship. purus : pure, free from, spotless, without stain. pusillus : tiny, puny /petty, mean. putator : pruner. puteo : to stink, be redolent, smell bad. puter : rotten, decayed, putrid /loose, crumbling /flabby. putesco : to putrefy, day, rot. puteus : well, pit. puto : to clear, settle up, consider, think, believe, suppose, judge. putus : pure, unmixed, unadulterated. pyropus : bronze. pyus pyxidis : a little box, casket. Q: qua : (adv.) by which route, where. qua : (fem. sing. abl.) (the abbess) BY WHOM she was advised. quadraginta : forty (Indecl.) quadratus : square, a square. quadrigae : four-horse team. quadrivium : crossroads, place where four roads meet. quadrivium : second stage of the medieval curriculum quadrum : a square quadruplator : an exaggerator, informer quadruplor : to be an informant. quae : (fem. pl. nom.) Let THOSE (women) WHO have ears to hear .. quae : (neut. pl. acc.) those things WHICH we must have quae : (neut. plur. nom.) WHAT cannot be avoided must be endured. quae que : (fem. sing. nom.) (the milkmaid), WHO loved a prince. quaero quero : to miss, want / seek to know / obtain, get. quaero quero : to seek, search for / ask, enquire, search for quaero: to seek, search for, get, obtain quaesitio quesitio : investigation, interrogation. quaeso queso : to seek for, ask for. quaestio questio : seeking, searching /inquiry, investigation. quaestuosus questuosus : profitable, fond of gain, rich. quaestus questus : profit, a source of profit, gainiing, getting. qualis : of what kind? of the kind that. qualiscumque : of any kind whatever, any whatever. qualislibet : of what sort you will. qualitas : quality, property, nature. qualiter : just as, in whatever manner/way quam : (adv. and conj.) how, than, as ... as possible. quam : (fem. sing. acc.) (the church), WHICH the Lord loved. quam plures : as many as possible. quamdiu : such a long time. quamobrem : for which reason, on which account, why quamobrem, quam ob rem : wherefore? why? for which reason. quamquam : nevertheless, and yet (beginning a sentence)/ though. quamquam : though, although quamtotius : ? completely, all. quamvis : (conj) however much, although/ as much as you like. quamvis : adv/conj, ever so much quando : (interr.) when si quando : if ever. quandoque : adv, of one time or another quandoquidem : since, because. quanti : for how much, at what price. quanto : by how much (+ comp. adj. or adv.) quantocius quantotius : as quickly as possible. quantocius quantotius : the sooner the better. quantum : (+ gen.) as much of ... as. quantum : adv, regard to, as much as, the more, the greater quantum : how much?, how much!, as much as. quantum in me est : as much as in me lies. quantus : how great, as great as quantus ... quantus : as great as, as much as. quantus : how great?, how great!, how much, as great as. quantuscumque quantacumque quantumcumque : however great quantuslibet : as much as you will, as great as you will. quantuvis : as great as you please, however great. quapropter : wherefore. quare : wherefore, why, because of which thing. quartus : fourth. quarum : (fem. pl. gen.) their envy and jealousy, OF WHICH we know. quas : (fem. pl. acc.) the fates, against whom he struggled quasi : as if, just as, just as if, as it were /a sort of quassatio : a shaking. quasso : to shake violently, shake to pieces, break, shatter.. quatenus/quatinus : how far, to what extent, where, seeing that. quatenus/quatinus : since, as, in order that, that. quater : four times /again and again. quattuor : four (indecl.) quem : (masc. sing. acc.) (the man), WHOM the king struck. quemadmodum : how, in what manner. quemadmodum : how? /just as, lust like quendam : a certain (one, thing, someone) queo : to be able. quercetum : an oak grove, and oak forest. quercus : oak tree. quereia querella : complaint, complaining. queribundus : complaining, plaintive, whining. querimonia : complaint, a charge in court. queritor : to complain excessively, whine, gripe. quernus : oaken. queror : to complain, lament, bewail (dogs) whine, whimper. querulus : complaining, whining, lamenting. questus : complaint, lament qui : (question) how? in what way? / somehow / wherewith qui : (masc. neut. nom.) (the prince) WHO loved a milkmaid qui : (masc. pl. nom.) Let THOSE (men) WHO have eyes to see... qui quae que quod : which, what, that quia : because. quianam : why? quiane : why? quibus : (fem. pl. dat.) the good fortune, TO WHICH he owed his crown. quibus : (fem. pl. abl.) the beards, BY WHICH the pirates were known. quibus : (masc. pl. abl.) his sons, BY WHOM he was attacked when old quibus : (masc. pl. dat.) the monastery IN WHICH he was intered. quibus : (neut. pl. dat.) the crimes FOR WHICH he was executed. quibus : (neut. pl. abl.) the arms WITH WHICH he won Rome. quicquid : whoever, whatever, whatsoever, anything at all quicum : with whom, with which quicumque : quaecumque : quodcumque : any (one, thing, etc.) available quicumque : quaecumque : quodcumque : whatsoever, anthing that, all that quid ita : why so? quid : (+ genitive) how much? how many? quid : (question) what (thing)? quidam quaedam quedam quidam : a certain person or thing / a kind of quidem : adv, certainly, at least, indeed quidem : indeed, certainly, at least/ ne ... quidem : not ... even quidne : (question) why not? quies quietis : quiet, rest, peace / a resting place / sleep / a dream quiesco :(-evi, -etum) to rest, sleep, be at ease / stop (doing something) quiete : quietly, calmly quietus : resting, sleeping, undisturbed / neutral / quiet, calm quilibet : anyone, anything, whatever (or whomever) you like quin : (with verbs of hindering, etc.) "without + participle" quin : but come now, rather, indeed, quin etiam : why even, in fact, moreover. quinam quaenam quenam quodnam : which? what? quindeciens : fifteen times quingenti : five hundred. quinquagesimus : fiftieth, a fiftieth part quinque : five quinquennis : five years old. quinquiplico : (-are) to multiply by five quinymo quinimmo : no, rather quippe : certainly, to be sure, indeed, of course quiris : curis : a spear quiritatio : a scream, cry, shriek quirito : (-are) to scream, cry out quis : anyone, anybody, anything quis : (question) who?, what?, which? quislibet : anybody, whom you will, all, any quisnam, quidnam : who, what quispiam : anyone, anything / someone, something quisquam : anyone, anything. quisque : each one, each person quisquiliae : quisquiliarum : rubbish, trash, garbage, refuse quisquis : whoever, whatever, whatsoever, anything at all. quo : (masc. sing. abl.) (the money) BY means of WHICH he lived. quo : (neut. sing. abl.) (the eagerness) THROUGH WHICH he died. quo : to which place, to what place, whither, where. quod : (with comparative) the x the better (quod celior = the faster the better) quod : (beginning sentence) and, but, now. quod : (neut. sing. nom.) (the war), WHICH killed so many. quod : (neut. sing. acc.) (the sea), WHICH you cannot drink dry. quod : (with time) since, as far as, to the extent that. quod : because, whereas, the point that, the fact that. quodammodo : in a certain way, in a certain measure. quomodo : in what manner, how/ in whatever way, somehow. quondam : formerly, once, at one time, ertswhile. quoniam : since, whereas, because. quoque : also, too. quorum : (masc. pl. gen.) the army, half OF WHICH was ill. quorum : (neut. pl. gen.) dangers, OF WHICH there were not a few. quos : (masc. pl. acc.) those WHOM he accused of treachery. quot : how many, as many (indecl.). quotiens : often. quotienscumque : however often. quovis : to whatever place you will. R: rabidus : raging, crazy. rabies : madness, fury, frenzy. rabiose : savagely, furiously. radicitus : by the roots, utterly. rapio rapui ratum : to seize, snatch, carry away. rare : thinly, rarely, uncommonly. rarus : rare, uncommon /far apart /thin, scanty. ratio : reckoning, account /reason, judgment, consideration. ratio : system, manner, method, procedure, manner. re vera : in truth. recedentia : retreat, ebbing, disappearance / distant, far. recedo : to go back, retreat, retire, disappear. recedo : retire, withdraw recessus : a going back, retreat /place of retreat, quiet place. recipio recepi receptum : to go back, retire, recede, retreat. recito : to read aloud, recite. recognosco : to recognize, recollect, recall. recolligo : gather, regather, flock together recolo : reflect upon, consider, recall. recolo : to cultivate, work again, resume, rehabilitate recolo : to recall, reflect upon, rework, resume, rehabilitate. reconcilio : to restore, repair / (of persons) unite, reconcile. recondo : lay up, store, hoard. recordatio : recollection, memory, recall. recordor : to remember, think of, recollect, ponder over. recro : to recreate, restore, revive. rector : guider, leader, director, ruler, master rectum : virtue, right rectus : right, correct, proper, upright, natural, plain. recuperatio : recovery, recuperation. recupero : to regain, recoup, recover. recuso : to refuse. recuso : to refuse, decline, reject, be unwilling redarguo : disprove, refute. with gen. prove guilty, convict. reddo : to repeat, recite, represent, imitate, pay up, deliver. reddo : to give back, restore, return /answer, translate, render. redemptio : ransoming, redemption, buying back, farming taxes. redemptor : redeemer (Christ). redeo : to fall back upon, be reduced to, be brought to. redeo : to go back, come back, return /(revenue) to come in. redeo : to be reduced to, fall back upon. redigo :(redactum) to bring or reduce to a condition, lessen. redimio : to crown, bind around. redimo : to redeem, ransom, buy back /hire, buy, procure redintegro : to repair, fix, restore. reditus : return /income, revenue /reward. redivivus : rennovated, reconstructed, rebuilt /recycled. redono : to give back, give up. reduco : to lead back, bring back, return. redundantia : overflowing, redundancy. redundo : to overflow, stream over, overflow, excess, flood. refectorium : refectory, monastic mess hall. refercio : to stuff, cram. refero : to carry back, bring back, return. refero : to bring again, restore, repeat, echo, reproduce, recall. refero : to say back, reply, answer. refero : to put down, enter (in a register) /assign to a cause. refero : to bring as expected, pay up, deliver. refero retuli relatum : to bring back a message, refer. refert retuli : (impersonal) it concerns, it makes a difference. refertus : stuffed, crammed. reformo : to form again, mould anew. refugium : refuge regalis : of a king, royal, regal. regina : queen. regius : royal, regal. regnum : rule, authority, kingdom, realm. rego rexi rectum : to guide, direct, to rule. regula : rule / monastic rule. relaxo : to loosen, enlarge, relax, ease, lighten. relego relegi relectum : to read again, re-read. relevo : to lift again, lighten, alleviate, relieve. relictus : (fr. relinquo) having inherited, been bequeathed. relinquo : to leave behind, bequeath/abandon, forsake. reliquum : remainder, what is left, leavings. relucesco : to become bright again. reluctor : to struggle against, resist. remando : to send back word. remaneo : to remain behind, stay, continue. remaneo : to remain, stay, continue rememdium : cure, remedy, nostrum, medicine. removeo : to draw back, set aside, take away. remuneror : to repay, reward. renovo : to revive, renew, restore, repair, repeat. renovatio : renewal, renovation, restoration. renuntio : to declare, announce, report, give notice. renuo : to deny, refuse, reject. reor : to think, suppose, decide reparo : to restore, renew, make good /buy, purchase, obtain in trade repecto : to comb back repello : to drive back, repel rependo : to ransom, pay back, requite. repens : sudden, unexpected, fresh, recent. repente : suddenly, unexpectedly. repere : to crawl. reperio : to get again, find, ascertain, dicover, invent. reperio : get again, find again / discover, invent. repetitio : repetition. repeto : to return to, begin again, deduce, recall, recollect. repeto : to seek again, ask back. repleo : to replenish, fill up, fill up again, fill, satisfy. repletus : filled, full. repo repsi reptum : to creep, crawl. repono : to deposit, lay up, store / requite. reprehendo : to blame, reprove, refute, hold back, check, catch. repugno : to reproba : -ae, false reprobo : atum : reject, disaprove, condemn reputo : -are, to consider, judge requietum : to rest. requiro : to ask for, look for, demand, desire, miss. res publica : commonwealth, state, republic, public business. res rei : thing, matter, busines, affair. resarcio : to repair, mend, patch. reseco : to cut back, cut short, diminish reservo : keep back, hold back, reserve /keep, preserve. resisto : to resist, make a stand, oppose. respergo : [resperi, respersum] to sprinkle, splash. respicio : to look back, provide for, respect, have regard for. respiratio : respiration, exhalation. respiro : to breathe /breathe again /recover /decline, diminish, ebb. respondeo respondi responsum : to answer, reply, respond. responsal : deputy, representative. responsiva : a written reply, answering letter. repuo : to reject restio : rope-maker. restituo : restore, put back, replace, reinstate, repair. resumo (resumpsi, resumptum) : to renew, repeat, resume. resurrectio : f, resurection, awakening, renewal retardo : to impede, slow down, obstruct retendo : to slacken, unbend, become flexible. retineo : to hold back, restrain, detain, keep, maintain. retraho : retraxi : retractum : to draw back, pull back. retribuo : to give again, give as due. reus : defendant, accused, answerable, bound. revenio : to come back, return. reverto : to go back, return, revert. revertor reverti reversus : to return, come back. revoco : to call back, recover, refer, revoke. revolvo : to unroll a book, go over again, repeat. rex regis : king. rhetor : rhetorician, teacher of rhetoric. rhetoricus : rhetorical. rideo risi risum : to laugh at, laugh. ridiculum : n, ridiculous riginta : (indecl.) thirty. rigor : stiffness, hardness, sterness. ritus : usage, ceremony, rite. rogo : to ask, ask for. rogo eum ut +subjunctive : to ask someone to do something. rostrum : bill of a bird, beak. rota : wheel. Rotomagense : Rouen. rotundus : wheel-shaped, round. rubor : redeness, blush, modesty, shame, disgrace. rudimentum : trial, attempt, essay. rudis : rude, raw, rough, uncultivated. rudo : to bellow, roar. rufus : red, ruddy. ruga : a wrinkle. ruinosus : falling down, going to ruin. rumex : sorrel rumino : to chew the cud, ruminate. rumor : rumor, gossip. rumpo : rumpi : rumpus : to break, shatter, interrupt, annull, violate. runa : a dart. runco : to thin out, weed, cull. ruo : rui : rutum : to rush, fall, be ruined. rursus : on the other hand, in return, back, again. rus : ruris : the country, countryside, rural area. rustice : (adv) boorishly, in a peasant manner. rusticus : rustic, rural /peasant. ruta : bitterness, unpleasantness, the herb rue. rutila : a spade, shovel. rutilus : red, golden, auburn. S: sabbatum : sabbath. sacculus : purse, little bag, little sack. sacrificum : sacrifice. sacrilegus : sacrilegious, impious. saepe : sepe : often, frequently, repeatedly. saepe : sepe : hedge, fence, enclosure, haye. saepenumero : repeated, again and again. saepius sepius : often, frequently, repeatedly. saeta : hair. saeta equina : horse-hair. saevio : to rage, be furious, take violent action. sal : salis : salt, wit. salsus : salty, witty. saltem : adv, at least saltem : at least, at all events. salus : health, safety, well-being, salvation /salutation. saluto : to wish well, greet, visit, reverence, pay respect to. salutor : visitor, caller. salveo : to be well, be in good health. salvus : safe, sound. sanctifico : to sanctify, make holy. sanctimonia : purity, charity, virtue, sanctity, sacredness. sanctimonialis : nun, sister. sanctus : holy, sacred, /saint. Sanctus Egidius : St. Gilles. Sanctus Eleutherius : St. Eligius. Sanctus Rodoenus : St. Ouen. sane : rationally, sensibly, really, indeed, to be sure. sane : (adverb) rationally, soberly /really, indeed sanitas : health, soundness of mend, sanity. sano : to heal. Santiago : st. james. sanus : sound, healthy, sane. sapiens : (subs.) a wise man, philosopher. sapiens : wise, judicious. sapienter : wisely, judiciously. sapientia : wisdom. sarcina : bundle, pack, burden, load. satago : have one's hands full, have enough to do. satago : to pay a creditor, satisfy a creditor. satio : to satisfy, sate. satis : enough, sufficient /sufficiently. sato : to sow, plant. satura : satire. saturo : to fill, satisfy. satus : origin, start, beginning /planting, sowing. scaber : scabby, rough. scabies : the itch, mange, a rash. scaccarium : chessboard, game of chess. Scaldus : Scheldt. scamnum : bench, stool. scaphium (sciphus : Herimann, cap. 24) pot, bowl, drinking vessel. scapulare : sword-belt. scapulus : the shoulder. sceleratus : scelero : to pollute with guilt, with blood, etc. scelestus : wicked, accurse, infamous, criminal. scelus sceleris : crime, sin, evil deed, wickedness. schola : school /elite troop of soldiers. scientia : knowledge, science, skill. scilicet : evidently, certainly, of course, no doubt, assuredly. scilicet : rightly, it is just scindo : to cut, rend, split/divide, separate scio : to know, understand. scisco : investigate, ask, inquire/ vote, ordain, resolve. scribo, scripsi scriptum : to write, compose. scrinium : bookcase, case for papers. scriptor : writer, author, scribe. se astringo : to commit oneself to. se gero : to conduct oneself, conduct, carry on. se habere : to keep oneself. secedo : to go apart, withdraw. secerno secrevi secretum : to separate. seco : secui : sectum : to cut, hurt, wound, amputate, divide, part. seco : to settle (as to settle an argument). secundum : (+ inf.), following, after, during, according to. secundum : (adv.) after, behind. secundum : accordingly, in an accordance with secundus : second. securis : axe, hatchet, battle-axe. securus : safe, secure, free from care, unworried, unconcerned. secus : non secus, haud secus: just so. secus : otherwise, not so. secus : wrongly, badly, not as one would wish. secus + atque or quam : differently from, otherwise than. secuutus : follower, pursuer. sed : but/ and indeed, what is more. sedeo sedi sessum : to sit. seditio : dissension, quarrel, insurrection, mutiny, rising. sedo : to settle, smooth, calm, allay. seductor : seducer. seges : wheatfield, wheat crop, field of wheat. semel : a single time, for the first time, even once, once, ever. semen-inis : seed, kin semper : always, ever. senectus : old age, dotage. senex senis : old, aged, old man. sensus : feeling, sense. sententia : opinion, thought, way of thinking, meaning, purpose. sentio : feel, perceive, experience, hold an opinion, sentio : to judge, suppose, vote. seorsum : apart, separately. sepelio : to ruin, destroy, bury. septem : seven. sepulchrum :grave, tomb, sepulcher. seputus : buried, sunk, immersed. sequax : following, attending, pursuing. sequor sequi secutus : to follow, trail. serio : seriously. serius : serious, grave, solemn. sermo : discussion, talk, common talk, conversation, rumor. sero : to sow, plant. Also, late, at a late hour. servio : (+ dat.) to be a slave to, serve. servitus : serviude, slavery. servo : to watch over, keep, protect, observe, save, reserve. servus : slave, serf. sese : himself, herself, itself, =se sesqui : one and a half times sesquimellesimus : 1500th sessio : sitting down, loitering, hanging around /chair, seat. seu : conj : or if..., severitas : severity, rigor, sternness, strictness. si : if. sibimet : to them themselves. sic : so, thus /yes, that is so, that is right. sicco : -are, to dry up, out siccus : dry, thirsty/ sober, temperate. Siclinium : Seclin. sicut : as, just as, as it were, (+verb in subj.) just as if. sidus : constellation, star. signum : sign, seal, indication, sign/ mark /token. silens : silent, still silenti etc : the dead. silentium : silence, stillness, quiet, repose, obscurity. sileo : to be still, silent/ (+ acc.) be silent about / rest. silex silicis (med. cilicis) : hard stone, sharp, rock, flint. siligo : siliginis : wheat, wheat flour. silva : woods, forest. similis : -e like, similar, resembling similis : similar, like, resembling. similitudo : likeness, resemblance/ uniformity. simplex : simple, unaffected. simul : at once, at the same time, together. simul : together simul atque : as soon as. simulatio : pretense, sine : (+ abl.) without. singularis : alone of its kind, solitary /machless, unique. singularis : alone. singulariter : adv, one by one, exceedingly, especialy singuli : one each, one apiece, single, separate. singultim : stammeringly. singultus : sobbing, gasping, death rattle. singulus : single, separate, one at a time, one each. sino : allow, suffer, permit, let. sinus : curve, fold, bend /pocket, lap /bay, gulf /inner feeling, secret heart. siquidem : since, indeed sis : (=si vis) if you wish, are willing, want, prefer sis : (2nd person present subjunctive of sum) you may be. sitio : to be thirsty. sitis : thirst, dryness, drought, eager desire. sive : conj, on the one hand, but if, if...or if. sive seu : or if. slowness, apathy, sluggishness. socer : father in law. socius : partner, comrade, associate, ally, fellow. socius : sharing, associated, allied. socius-i : m, companion socus : plowshare sodalitas : fellowship, companionship, secret society. sol solis : sun. soleo : to be accustomed, be used to. solio : ? Herimann, cap. 28. solitas : lonliness, solitude, being alone. solito : to be accustomed, to have the habit of, the make a practice of. solitudo : solitudinis : loneliness, solitude. solitus : accustomed, usual, habitual, ordinary, customary. solium : chair of state, throne / bath-tub. sollers : clever, skillful. sollicite : anxiously, worriedly. sollicito : to stir up, incite, arouse. sollicitudo : concern, anxiety, solicitude, worry. sollicitudo : uneasiness, anxiety, disquiet, apprehension. sollicitus : troubled, anxious, concerned, worried. sollicitus : uneasy, worried, anxious, restless, agitated. solum : (adv) alone, only. solum : land, country, soil, ground/ bottom, floor, foundation. solum : non solum ... sed etiam: not only ... but also. solus : alone, only, the only. solutio : loosening /payment /solution /explanation. solvo : to loosen, untie, release, free, dissolve, break up. something somniculose : sleepily, drowsily. somniculose : sleepily, drowsily somniculosus : sleepy, drowsy somniculosus : sleepy, drowsy somnio : to dream /(+ acc.) to dream of, imagine foolishly. somnio : to dream /+ acc.to imagine foolishly somnium : dream, fancy, day-dream /foolishness, nonsense. somnium : a dream, fancy /foolish nonesense somnus : sleep. sonitus : noise, sound. sono : to make a noise /sing /celebrate/ (of words) to mean. sophismata : falso conclusions, logical fallacies. sopor : deep sleep. sordeo : to be dirty, appear vile. sordes : filth, meanness, stinginess. sordesco : to become dirty. sortitus : casting lots, deciding by lot. spargo sparsi sparsum : scatter, strew, spread. spatior : to stoll, walk around, take a walk, amble. specialis : secret, confidential /initimate or special friend. specialissimus : very strange, peculiar, individual. specialitas : special friendship /peculiarity, special quality /speciality. speciosus : beautiful, handsome, imposing / specious plausible. spectaculum : spectacle, show. specto : to look at, watch, see/aim at, tend towards. speculum : mirror. specus : cave, cavern, grotto, den. spensa : storehouse spera : (n.pl.) hopes sperno sprevi spretum : to scorn, despise, spurn. spero : to hope for, hope. spes : hope. spiculum : sharp point, sting, spear, dart. spiritus : breath, breathing /life /spirit. spoliatio : plundering, looting, stripping, robbing. spolio : to strip, plunder, despoil, rob, loot spolium : spoils, plunder, booty. sponte : willingly, of one's own accord, unaided. St. Richarius : St. Riquier. stabilis : firm, stable, steadfast. stabilitas : firmness, stability, durability. Stabulaus : Stavelot. statim : adv, instantly, immediately statim : firmly, steadfastly, on the spot, at once, immediately. statua : statue, image. statuo : to cause to stand, establish, place, set up. statuo : to give a ruling, make an arrangment, decide. statuo : to hold, to establish status : stage. stella : star. sterilis : barren, useless, unproductive, vain/ + gen., deprived of. stilla : a drop (of liquid). stillicidium : dripping moisture, rainwater from the eaves. stilus : a pike, pale /a stylus for writing /writing. stipatio : a crowd of attendants, a following. stipator : an attendant of a nobleman. stipatores : following, retinue, attendants, bodguard. stipes : log, stump, tree trunk, branch, post, club. stipo : to compress /to press around, gather around /attend (a person). stips : stipis : small coin, gift. sto : steti : statum : to stand, stand still, stand firm. stolidus : dull, obtuse, dull-witted, dumb. stolide : stupidly. strages : massacre, bloodbath, carnage /debris. strenuus : brisk, active, vigorous/ turbulent, restive. strues : piles, heaps, masses. studio : (+ dat.) to study, pursue eagerly, be eager for. studiose : eagerly. studium : eagerness, zeal. stultus : foolish /a fool. suadeo : to recommend, advise (a person) suasoria : persuasive discourse. sub : (+ acc. or dat.) under, up under, close to, beneath, below. subcribo : subscripsi : subscriptum : to write beneath, sign /prosecute, accuse. subcriptio : subscription, signature / register. subdo : subdidi : subditum : to subject to. subiecto : to put down, to put under. subito : adv. suddenly, unexpectedly. subitus : sudden, unexpected. subiungo : to yoke beneath, join, attach, subdue, subjugate. subjectio : forgery, falsehood subjungo : to join, yoke subligo : to bind below, bind on. sublime : on high, aloft. sublimis : lofty, raised, elevated, sublime. sublimitas : loftiness, height, elevation, sublimity. subluceo : to gleam faintly, glimmer, glow. subluo : to wash beneath /(rivers) flow beneath. sublustris : faintly glimmering, faintly gleaming. subnascor : to grow out of. subnecto : to bind on beneath, to tie. subnego : faintly deny, partially refuse. subnixus subnisus : propped up, supported. subnoto : to mark beneath, notice secretly, write underneath. subnuba : a rival. subnubilus : partly cloudy, somewhat cloudy. subo : to be in heat. subobscenus : risque, faintly obscene. subobscurus : somewhat obscure. subodiosus : rather unpleasant. suboleo : (3 persons only) to give off a smell/ to make onself noticed. suboles : shoot, sprout, offspring, progeny. subolesco : to grow up, mature. suborior : to arise in succession. suborno : to furnish, equip, provide /instigate secretly, suborn. subrepo surrepo : to creep up or crawl up from below. subrideo subrisi subrisum : to smile. subrigo, subrexi subrectum : to raise up, elevate. subringor : to make a face. subruo subruti subrutum : to undermine, overhtrow, destroy. subseco : to cut away, pare. subsentio : to notice secretly. subsequens : P.A.P. of sequor, ensuing, following subsequor : to follow after subservio : to be subject to, comply with. subsidarius : in reserve. subsidium : reserve troops, auxiliary troops /support, help, assistance. subsido : to crouch down, settle, sink, subside /stay remain /lie in ambush subsilio : toleap up, spring up. subsisto : to stand, withstand /stop, halt, cease /stay, remain. substantia : substance, essence, means of subsistence, property. substerno : to spread out beneath, lay under, set out, provide. substo : to stand form. substrictus : narrow, contracted, small. substringo : to draw together, bind up. substructio : base, foundation. substruo : to build beneath, lay a foundation. subsulto : to spring up, leap up. subsum subesse : to be near, close at hand, be under, be subject. subter supter : below, beneath, underneath. subterfugio : to escape. subterlabor : to glide away, flow under, slip away, escape. subvenio : to come to the aid, succor, relieve, help, assist. subvenio : to come up to aid, relieve. subvertio : to destroy, overthrow succedo : to approach, submit, etc. etc. succendo : to kindle, set afire from below. successio : succeeding, succession, descent, descendant. succurro : to run up under /aid, assist, help. sufficio : to be sufficient, suffice, be enough. suffoco : to strangle, choke, suffocate. suffragium : vote, franchise /approval support, aid, assistance. suggero : to bring up, supply, provide, add, attach. place next. sui : himself, herself, itself. sulum : each, every. sum fui futurus : to be, exist. summa : the highest part /whole, sum. summisse : humbly, softly, calmly, modestly. summissus (from summitto) : let down, lowered, gentle, mild. summitto : (se) to condescend, submit /raise, rear, make grow. summitto : to send as help /to send secretly. summitto : to let down, lower /subject, subordinate summopere : very much, exceedingly. sumo : to take, choose, obtain, buy./ take for granted, assume. sumptus : expense, cost. supellex supellectilis : furniture, apparatus, gear. super : (adv.) over, above, besides, beyond, moreover, remaining. super : (prep.) (+ abl.) over, above /concerning, about, besides. superabundo-avi : to be very abundant superbia : pride, arrogance. superbus : overbearing, arrogant, haughty, proud. superficies : surface, top. superfluo : flow over, overflow, be superfluous. superna : northeast by north wind. superne : from above, above. supernus : above, superior. supero : to be above, have the upper hand, surpass, conquer, overcome. superstes : survivor of another's death supersum : to be superfluous, to remain. superus superior supremus or summus : above, upper, high. supervacuus : superfluous, unnecessary, extra : supervenio : to arrive, come up, arrive unexpectedly. suppellex suppellectilus : ornaments. suppellex suppellectilus : household articles, furniture, goods. supplanto : to trip up. supplex : kneeling, entreating, suppliant. supplicium : punishment. suppono subpono : to put under, subject /put next to, add. suppono subpono : to put in place of, substitute, forge. supra : (+ acc.) above. surculus : shoot, sprout. surgo surrexi surrectum : to get up , arise. sursum : upwards. sursum deorsum : up and down. suscipio : to raise up, maintain, support, accept, receive, undertake. suscipio : take up, support, raise /accept /undertake, begin suscitatio : -onis : f, rekindling, awakening suscito : to stir up, arouse, excite. suscriptor : the signer of a document. susicivus : left over, to spare, extra, superfluous. suspectus : suspected suspendo suspendi suspensum : to suspend, hang. suspicio : to look upward at, esteem, respect /to suspect. suspiro : to sigh, draw a deep breath /long for, yearn after. sustento : to maintain, sustain sustineo : to hold up, sustain, endure. sustituo : to put next, put under, put in place of. suus sua suum : (refl. poss. adj.) his, her, its, their own. synagoga : synagogue. T: tabella : writing tablet. tabellae : letter, document. tabernus : booth, hut, cottage, hove, small shop, inn, tavern. tabesco : to melt, waste away, pine, be spoiled. tabgo tetigi tactum : to touch. tabula : board, plank, gaming board, painted panel. taceo tacuitacitum : to be silent, leave unmentioned. taceo : to be silent, say nothing, pass over tactus : sense of feeling, touch. taedium, tedium : disgust, weariness, boredom. talarius : having to do with dice or dice-playing. talea : rod, stick, stake, bar /cutting, slip. talio, -onis : retribution. talis : of such a kind, such. talus : the ankle, ankle bone,. tam ... quam : as ... as possible. tam : adv, so, to such a degree tam : to such a degree, so, so far. tamdiu : for such a long time. tamen : however, but. tamen : nothwithstanding, nevertheless, yet, still, for all that. tametsi : even if, although. tamisium : sieve, sifter (Herman, p. 308). tamquam tanquam : as, just as, like as, just as if. tandem : at last, finally. tango-tetigi-tactum : 3, to touch, touch upon, to speak of tanquam : adv, just as, as if, like as tantillus : so little, so small. tantum : only. tantummodo : only just, just so long as. tantundem : adv, just so much, just as far as tantus : so large, so great, of such a size. tardus : slow, late, tardy. Taruennam : Therouanne. te : (abl.) you /no one's sweeter than YOU. te : (acc.) you /i got YOU, babe. tego texi tectum : to cover, bury, conceal, hide, protect, shield. tela : a web, that which is woven, cloth, tissue telum : javelin, spear, arrow, bolt, dart temerarus : -a-um, rash, imprudent, heedless temeritas : rashness, temerity. temperantia : moderation, self-control, temprance. tempero : be moderate, control oneself. tempero : to mix properly, temper, regulate, mitigate. tempero : (+ dat.) to control, use with moderation, spare, tempero : (+abl. or with ab) to keep from, refrain from. tempestas : storm, weather. Templovium : Templeuve, villa near Cisoing. templum : sacred precinct, temple, sometimes church. temporalis-e : transitory temptatio : trial, temptation. tempus temporis : time, stage, epoch, era. tenax : grasping, stingy, cligning, frugal, obstinate. tendo : to direct, try, attempt, stretch, extend, present, give. teneo : to grasp, know, understand. teneo : to hold, keep, possess, maintain. teneo : to keep on, persist, persevere, endure. tener tenera tenerum : tender, delicate, soft, young. tentatio-onis : f, trial, attack, duration, temptation, judgement tenuis : thin, slight, feeble, slim, slender. tenura : holding, tenure, feudal holding, by feudal tenure. tenus : (after a name in abl. or gen.) up to, down to as far as. tenus : (prep. with abl) as far as, up to, to, down to. tepesco : to cool, grow lukewarm, decrease. tepidus : warm, luke-warm, tepid ter : three times, thrice. terebro : to bore through, perforate. teres : rounded, polished, smooth, fine, elegant. terga dare : to flee, retreat, run awar. tergeo tergo tersi tersum : to wipe, scour, clean tergiversatio : backwardness, reulctance, evasion. tergo (a tergo ) : in the rear, fom behind tergum : back, rear. tergum : skin, hide tergus : the back /skin, hide, leather. termes : a tree branch (especially olive). terminatio : termination, determination, setting of boundaries. termino : restrict, define, close, set a limit to. terminus : a boundary mark, limit, end, border. tero trivi tritum : to rub, wear out. terra : earth, ground, land, country, soil. terrenus-a-um : earthly, temporal terreo : to frighten, terrify, scare away, deter. territo : to scare, frighten, intimidate. territo : to fighten, terrify, intimidate terror : friight, fear, terror. tersus : clean, neat, correct. tertius : third. testimonium : proof, evidence, witness, indication. testis : one who gives evidence, witness, spectator / testicle. texo : the main verb for weaving of cloth. texo : to weave, twine together, plait, construct, build. textilis : woven fabric, piece of cloth. textor textrix : weaver. textus : woven cloth, web. thalassinus : sea-green. theatrum : theater. theca : case, envelope, covering. thema : subject, topic, theme. thema thematis : theme. theologus : theologian. thermae : warm springs, warm baths. thesaurus : treasure, horde /store-room, treasury. thesis : proposition, thesis. thorax : breastplate thymbra : the herb savory. thymum : the herb thyme. tibi: (dat.) you /i can't give YOU anything but love, baby. timeo : to fear, be afraid, dread. timidus : fearful, timid. timor : fear, dread, object causing fear. titulus :label, title, placard. to order, command. tolero : to tolerate, bear, endure, sustain. tollo sustuli sublatum : to lift up, raise, elevate, carry away. tollo : to lift tondeo totonsi tonsum : shave, shear, clip, mow, reap, browse. tonsor : barber. Tornacense : Tournai. torpeo : to be sluggish, inert, numb, inactive, immoveable torqueo : to twist, curl, rack, torture, torment, distort, test. tot : (indecl.) so many. tot : so many. totidem : just as many. toties, totiens : so many times, so often. toto : all togther, completely towards totus : whole, entire, complete, all. traba : a beam of wood, a timber /tree-trunk, ship, table. tractare : to handle, manage, perform. tracto : to drag, handle /treat, discuss, deal with. tractus : a dragging, drawing, pulling /territory, tract. tractus : course, progress, movement /space, time, lapse /extension, length. trado : tradidi : traditum : surrender /hand over /transmit, teach. traho : traxi : tractum : to drag, pull /derive, get. Traiectensium : Utrecht. Traiectum : Maastricht. trans : (+ acc.) across. transeo : to go over, pass over, cross over, go past. transfero transtuli translatum : carry across, transfer, convey. transitus : crossing, passing over, transit /changing, alteration. transmitto : to send, carry, or convey across. transporto : send, carry, or convey across. tredecim : (indecl.) thirteen Trellum : Trlon, castel in Hannonia. tremo : to tremble, shake, shudder. trepide : with trepidation, in confusion, tres tria : three. Treverim : Triers. tribuo : to give out, divide, allot, assign, grant, give, allow. tricesimus : triduana : lasting three days. triduana : lasting three days. triduanus : three days' duration, lasting three days. triduum : a period of three days trilustralis : lasting for fifteen years tripudio : to leap, jump, dance (as in a religious procession). tripudium : joy, rejoicing tristifico : to make sad, cause sadness, sadden tristis : sad, mournful, sowerful tritico : thresh triticeus : sown in wheat triticus : wheat Trium Fontium : Trois-Fontaines, Marne, Vitry-le-Francois. triumphus : triumphal procession, triumph. trucido : to kill cruelly, slay, butcher, massacre, slaughter. truculenter : (adv.) wildly, savagely, fiercely, cruelly, roughly trunco : maim, mutilate, mangle /imperfect, not whole, missing a part. tu : you tubineus : cone shaped tui : your, yours /I read YOUR letter that said, dear john. tum : at that time, then /thereupon, in the next place. tumbus : tumba : tomb tumbarius : keeper of a tomb. tumeo : to puff up, swell /to be pompous. tumesco : to swell up with anger /swell, swell up. tumultus : uprising, disturbance, riot, tumult. tumulo : to bury, inter. tumulosus : hilly. tumulus : mound, grave, heap of earth. tunc : then, at that time, next, and then Tungris : Tongres. turba : uproar, disturbance /mob, crowd, multitude. turbatio : disturbance, confusion. turbatus : angered, exasperated/ disturbed, restless, troubled. turbo : to disturb, upset, throw into disorder, confuse, unsettle. turbo, onis : hurricane. tornado, that which spins turpe : a disgrace. turpis : foul, ugly, disgraceful, morally corrupt. tussio : to cough. tussis : a cough. tutamen : tutaminis : defense, protection. tutela : protection, guard, charge /guardianship, tutelage / tutis : protected, safe, secure. tyrannus : tyrant, absolute ruler. U: ualeo : to be able to, to succeed in (doing something) uber : productive, fertile, abundant, rich. ubertas : bounty, plenty, abundance. uberte : abundantly, uberrime : most luxuriantly, most abundantly, most fruitfully. ubi : when, as soon as / wherein, whereby, whereas. ueraciter : more veracious, more truly ueratius : more true ulciscor : to take vengeance for, avenge / take vengeance on. ullus : any. ulterius : farther, more advanced, more remote. ultio ultionis : avenging, punishment, revenge. ultra : (+ acc.) beyond, on the far side of. ultra : (+ acc.) : farther (than), more (than). ultrix : avenging. umbra : shade, shadow. umerus humerus : shoulder, upper arm. umquam : ever, at any time. una : (adv.) in one, together. uncia : a twelfth, an ounce. unciatim : little by little. unde : whence, from where /how, from whom. undique : from all sides, everywhere, on all sides, altogether. undisonus : resounding, loud with waves. undo : to surge, wave, undulate /to flood. unguentum : salve, balm, ointment. unique, extraordinary, individual, singular. universe : generally, in general. universi : all together. universitas : the whole, total, universe, world /university. universum : universe, the world. universus : combined in one, whole, entire. unparalleled unus : one, only one, at the same time/ single, alone. up, raise, elevate, carry away. upilio opilio : shepher urbanus : urban, urbane, pertaining to the city. urbs urbis : city. uredo : a plant blight. uredo : blight of plants. urino : to dive. urinor : a diver. usitas : customary, usual. usque : all the way, up (to), even (to). usquequaque : always. ustilo ustulo : to burn, scorch, singe. (Hermann, p. 308). usura : using, enjoying, profiting /using money lent /interest usurpo : to take for oneself, use, employ, enjoy /perceive, observe usurpo : to obtain, acquire, get possession of. usus : use, experience, skill, advantage, profit. ut : (+ subj.) (command) to, that. ut : (+ indic.) when, as. ut : (+ subj.) (purpose) in order that, to, that. ut : (+ subj.) (result) so that, that. uter : utrius : either of the two utercumque : whichever of the two uterlibet : whichever of the two you wish uterque : (gen. utriusque) both, each side, each party. uterus : womb, belly, lower stomach. Uticensium : Evroul. utilis : useful, advantageous, helpful. utilitas : utility, usefulness. utinam : If only that were true! Would that it were the case! utique : at any rate, certainly, at least. utor uti usus : to use, employ, possess, enjoy/ associate with, find. utpote : seeing that, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, since, namely. utrimque : from both sides, on both sides. utroque : to both sides, in both directions / at each point. utrum : whether. utrum...an: whether ... or. uxor : wife, spouse. V: vaco : to be free from work, of a master, of property. vacuus : empty, devoid of, free from. vado : go, hasten, rush. vae : (interj.), woe, alas, woe to. valde : adj, great, exceedingly valde : intensely, very much, extremely, greatly valde : strongly, powerfully /very, exceedingly valens : stong, powerful, healthy /able, worthwhile. valeo : valui : valiturus : to be strong, have power, be well. valetudo : health. good health, bad health. validus : strong, mighty, powerful, exceeding. validus : strong, robust, able vallum : palisade, earthen wall, entrenchment, rampart. vapulus : flogged, beaten, knocked about. varietas : variety, differences, diversity. varius : various, varied. vastatio : devastation, ravaging vegetus : lively, fresh, vigorous. vegrandis : diminutive, small, tiny. vehemens : violent, furious, impetuous. vehementer : violently, forcefully, strongly, exceedingly. vehiculum : conveyance, vehicle. veho : (in the passive) to sail, ride, drive, etc. veho vexi vectum : to carry, convey. vel : or, (adv.) even, actually, for example. vel : vel ... vel either ... or. velamen : covering, garment. veles : light-armed troops. velico : to pluck, twitch /criticize, taunt. velitatio : skirmish, bickering, dispute, wrangling velius : velieris : hide, fleece, skin. vello : velli : vulsum : to pull, pluck out. velociter: quickly, rapidly, swiftly. velox : quick, rapid, swift, fast. velum : sail, covering, awning, curtain. velut : adv. just as, like, even as. vena : vein /stream /vein of ore /streak venalia : venial sins /supplies venalicium : market venalis : to be sold, up for sale /a slave venaliter : by bribery, corruption venatio : hunting, game, the chase venator : hunter, huntsman venditio : sale /closing of a bargain vendo : to sell, offer for sale, advertise /betray Vendolius : Vendeuil. veneficus : poisonous, magical /witch, wizard, caster of spells venenum : drug, poison, potion. venenifer : poisonous veneratio : respect, reverence, honor, veneration. venia : grace, indulgence, favor, pardon, forgiveness. venio : veni : ventum : to come /happen, come about, come to pass /arise. venio : to get into a certain state, to fall into. veno : [dative] for sale. venor : to hunt, ventagium : winnowing. venter : ventris : the stomach, belly, abdomen. ventilo : to fan /to wave something. ventio : a coming. ventito : to come often, to visit frequently. ventorium : winnowing fan. ventosus : full of wind, windy, breezy. ventulus : breeze, soft wind. venum : [acc] for sale. ventus : wind, rumor, favor. venustas : loveliness, charm, attractiveness, beauty. vepres : thorn-bush, briar. ver : veris : spring, the production of spring. verbera : (in pl.) blows, a beating, thrashing verberantia : a flogging verbum : word. vere : in fact, real, true. vere : truly, really, actually, rightly. verecundia : feeling of shame, shame, bashfulness. vercundus : bashful, modest vereor : to respect, fear, be in dread of, to be afraid. vergo : to bend, incline, verge, to draw to an end. veritas : truth.. Vernandense : Vermandois. vero : in truth, indeed, to be sure /however. versus : line, verse. verto : to flee/ interpret, understand/ upset, overthrow. verto : to turn, turn around, turn up / to put to flight, rout. verum-i : truth, truly, in fact verumtamen verumptamen : notwithstanding, nevertheless. verus : true, real, proper, right. vesco, vescor : to feed, to eat. vesica : bladder, bladder-like tumor. vesper : evening star, evening. vespera : eening prayer, vespers. vespillo : undertaker. vester vestra vestrum : (plu.) your, yours. vestigium : footstep, trace, mark. vestio vestivi vestitum : to clothe. vestis : clothing, garment, covering, blanket, carpet, tapestry. vestrum vestri : your yours/ you may sing about YOUR pretty gals. vetus : old. vexamen : shake-up, upheaval. vexillum : flag, banner, standard /troop, company, small unit. vexo : to vex, annoy, irritate /shake, toss. via : road, way, street. viaticus : pertaining to a journey , a journey /money, prize-money. viator : traveller /messenger. vicinus : neighbor/ (med.) resident. vicissitudo: change, alteration. victor : victor, winner victoria : victory victualia : supplies, foodstuffs, provisions victus : living, manner of life / nourishment, food. videlicet : (adv.) (ironically) of course, to be sure. videlicet : it is clear/ (adv.) clearly, plainly, namely. video vidi visum : to see, observe, understand, comprehend. videor : to be seen, seem, appear. viduata : deprived, widowed, bereft. viduatus : widowhood. viduo : to deprive. vieo : to weave together, stitch, plait. vietus : shriveled, withered, shrunken. vigilo : to be awake, watch, be vigilant /to keep vigil. vigor : vigor, liveliness. vilicus, villicus : pertaining to an estate, overseer, steward. vilis : cheap, worth little. vilitas : cheapness, low-price, worthlessness. villa : country house, country estate /(med.) manor, village. vinco vici victum : conquer, overcome, master, win, surpass, excel. vinculum : bond, fetter, tie. vindico : to avenge, punish, liberate, deliver, protect. vindico : to liberate, deliver/ punish, avenge/ claim, assume. vindico (vindicatum) : claim, arrogate, assume, appropriate. vinea : f, vineyard vinitor : vine-dresser (a man who prunes grape vines). vinum : wine. vir : man, hero, man of courage. virga : a green twig, rod, stick, wand, broom, streak, stripe. virgo : maiden, virgin, young girl. viridis : green. viriliter : manfully. virtus : manliness, excellence, character, worth, courage. vis : (sing.) violence /a large number, quantity, a force /nature vis vires (pl.) : force, power, strength, might, influence. viscus : flesh, internal organs, bowels, entrails, heart visio : likeness, face, visage vita : life, way of life. vitiosus : vicious, full of vice, corrupt. vitium : fault, vice, crime. vito : to avoid, shun. vitualis-e : manliness, virtures vituperium : insult viva vox : an oral statement vivificus : live-giving, life-restoring vivo vixi victum : to live, be alive. vix : scarcely, hardly, with difficulty, barely. vobis : (abl.) you /who knows more than YOU? i do! vobis : (dat.) you /i'm talkin' to YOU, yeah, talkin' 'bout Cindy. vociferor : to cry aloud, shout. voco : to call, summon, name invite. voco in dubium: to call into question. volaticus : winged, flying /inconstant, unreliable/ flighty. volatilis: wuged, flying /swift, rapid /fleeting, transitory. volens : willing, favorable. volito : to rush back and forth, flutter, flit about / hurry, hasten. volo : to wish, want, will, ordain, suppose, maintain that, be willing. volo : to fly, speed, move rapidly. volo (sibi velle) : to mean, signify, denote. volubilis : (of speech) rapid, fluent, voluble. volubilis : rolling, revolving, turning around /changeable, inconstant. volubiliter : fluently. voluntarius : voluntary. voluntas : last will, testament / meaning, sense. voluntas : wish, will, inclination / good will. volup : agreeably, pleasantly. voluptarius : pleasant, one devoted to pleasure. voluptas : pleasure. voluptuosus : delightful, pleasurable. volutabrum : pigsty, slough. volva : vulva : womb (particularly that of a sow). vomer : plowshare. vomica : ulcer, sore, boil /plague, curse. vomito : to vomit, vomit forth, throw up. vorago : chasm, pit, abyss. vorax : gluttonous, voracious. voro : to eat greedily, swallow up, consume, gorge oneself. vos : (acc.) you (pl) /I'll fight YOU all, then .. bring me giants! vos : you (pl) /YOU can't catch me, i'm the gingerbread man. votum : prayer, wish, desire /vow, promise to God. voveo vovi votum : to promise to God, vow, pray for. vox vocis : voice, word /(med.) power, right, authority. vulgaris : common, ordinary, usual. vulgariter : in the common way, ordinary manner. vulgivagus : wandering, vagrant, intinerant. vulgo : to spread, publish, impart, make accessible. vulgus : the common people, mob, rabble. vulnero : to wound, injure, hurt, harm. vulnus : wound. vulpes volpes : fox. vulticulus : look, aspect, appearance. vultuosus : grimacing, affected. vultur : voltur vulturius volturius : vulture. vultus : expression of the face, countenance, look, aspect. vultus : the face. X: xiphias : sword-fish. Y: ymber : rain shower, rain storm, pelting rain. ymo (immo): on the contrary, by no means/ by all means 

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